Photosynthesis Playbill

The CREW Stage Manager Jo King Assistant Stage ManagerUriel Smart Creator/Writer NH Graphic Designer Kenny Dewitt Costume Designer Uta Mann Set and Props Crew Starr E. Sky Lighting DesignerWanda Rinn Sound Crew Dinah Might Dance Crew Jim Class Makeup Vic Toree DresserNeil B. Formi Acknowledgements The script, Life of Ps was made possible by my AP Biology teacher’s assignment.If not for her, I would never have sat down and composed a four page script about Photosynthesis. I would also like to thank my supporting family for listening to my complaints and frustrations throughout this process. My gratitude goes out to the AP Bio Facebook group as well, for answering all the questions I had about Photosynthesis. Thank you all very much. The CAST In order of appearance *Narrator *Thylakoid Lila *Calvin Cycle Cal Water H-Two-Oh *Electrons *Oxygen Oxi *Photons Tony *Photosystems II and I (respectively) *Chlorophylls A (P680 and P700) *Hydrogen Ion The Hydrogen Twins *Ferredoxin *Cytoc hrome Complex *Plastoquinone *Carbon Dioxide *NADP+ and NADPH *NADP+ Reductase *ATP Synthase *ATP and ADP + P *Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) and RuBisCO *3-PGA *G3P *Glucose Biographies Main characters (Alphabetically)Calvin Cycle: Three phases occur here: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration Chlorophylls A (P680 and P700): reflects green light, and absorbs red and blue light to being the process of photosynthesis Electrons: transported through the Electron Transport Chain for the production of ATP and NADPH Glucose: ATP from the Light Reactions are used, with the addition of hydrogen ions to CO2 to make glucose. Narrator: Narrates the play Thylakoid: interconnected sacs and membranes within the chloroplast that contain enzymes involved in Light Reactions Water: is split to release electrons, hydrogen ions, and oxygen

The Evolution of Courtship

CHAPTER 1I. IntroductionA. DefinitionCourtship is the process or period of courting. Through the years, it is evident that there has been a significant change in the way courtship is done. Especially in the Philippines, where culture is dynamic and ever-changing, it has to the researcher’s attention that there has been great changes in the way courtship is done between Filipino males and females. With this, the researcher would like to interpret the evolution of courtship. The landscape of male and female interaction has changed over the past 100 years, revealing a very sharp contrast in shape and form.One significant area where this is clearly seen is in the area of courtship and dating. In 1896, the word â€Å"dating† was known to be lower-class slang in reference to prostitution. Basically, going on a date was an understatement for paid sex. By the 1900s, the word â€Å"Calling† (or courtship) was introduced into households. Calling was the process of a man, t he suitor, coming into the home of a young woman to meet her and get to know her and get to know her better and eventually end up marrying her.This was highly preferred by parents since the meeting between the man and young woman was highly supervised – everything from the length of the meeting to what food they would eat (Discroll, 2009). Furthermore, it gave parents a sense of safety since it protected adolescents from any kind of danger like rape, and involved the maximum participation of family members. In this, however, the process of courtship was not always perfect. It was seen that it only placed itself in the households of the rich and not the lower-class (hence the lower class slang).It would seem that courtship was too expensive an activity for the lower-class. They simply could not affor the luxury of fine dining in a parlour and/or traveling to meet with their sweetheart (Discroll, 2009). In this, the progression and seeming perfect balance did not last long. As population, poverty, technology, economy, and innovation grew, change in the lower and higher classes rose. Because of this, they had to find more adaptive solutions as to how they would interact and meet with the opposite sex; a great change was seen throughout the years effectively changing the landscape of courtship.Today, technology has made easy interaction even more possible. With the dawn of the internet, men and women no longer need to be with each other physically or in the woman’s home to interact; it can all be done with a simple click of a few buttons. Now taken into the context of the Philippine setting, changing trends and patterns are not so much different from their western counterparts. Over the past decades, Filipinos have taken a more practical approach towards the relationships involved in their lives due to the increased use and innovation of technology and change in social landscape (Ogena, 1999).So like their western counterparts, no longer do men apply the idea of Chaperonage or Panliligaw (courtship) with the opposite sex. And as patterns have changed, the main influencers – parents – have found the style of dating more acceptable (Ogena, 1999). A study done by UPPL & DRPF called the YAFS (Young Adult Fertility and Sexual Study) for the Philippines showed that there was a significant number of adolescents going on dates.Another significant YAFS data shows that from 1982 to 1994, a majority of the youth (40.4%) group dated but later split to single dates (39. 7%) which enabled more intimate encounters with each other, with Filipino teens engaging in sexual activities (9. 7% for males and 2. 9% for females). As dating became a more regular activity among the youth, intimacies heightened. This resulted in an increase in the corresponding proportions of the youth engaging in petting and sexual intercourse, 16. 3% and 8. 1%, respectively (De Guzman,1997).B. Significance/ RelevanceIt is clear that Filipinos have changed the way they see courtship. Especially that technology has affected lives of teenagers today that it is now easy to communicate with anyone. It is then the researcher’s privilege to show the evolution of courtship. The study will also be beneficial to the general public to make them aware of how courtship worked then and now. The study will serve as a reference on the processes, style, and evolution of courtship.C. Research ObjectivesThis research paper aims to answer the question: 1. How has courtship evolved throughout the years? To answer the question/ problem, the researcher will investigate the following sub-questions: 1. What was the courtship process then? 2. What is the courtship process now? 3. How did courtship evolve throughout the years in terms of: a. Process of Courting b. Socialization c. CommunicationCHAPTER 2I. Review of Related LiteratureA. Local LiteratureCourtship is known in the local language as Panliligaw or Ligawan and is also synonymous to pandidiga o r digahan from some of the Tagalog-speaking regions in the Philippines. It has rooted from the Spanish word ‘diga’ which means to ‘to say, express. ’ The term manliligaw refers to a man who tries to court a woman and pursue her for marriage. On the other hand, the term nililigawan refers to the woman who is being pursued, hence, the one being courted.Courtship in the Philippines is known to be moderate and to ba taken under control unlike those of the western cultures. Traditionally, it has been done with the first step of the man visiting the woman’s house and presents himself to her parents in an official manner. It is generally unacceptable to most Filipino families to court the woman without knowledge of her family. The most usual trend to be acceptable to the woman’s family is from the saying â€Å"courting a Filipina means courting her family too† (Business World, 2002).Courtship in the Philippines involves the suitor working hard for his love even if he has to go through a long time of courtship. Traditional courtship would entail men serenading (harana) the â€Å"women at night and sing songs of love and affection† (Business World, 2002). Others would give love notes to express their feelings. It would also entail going to the woman’s house to bring her flowers and other sorts of gifts. And in some cases, men are shown to be courting the woman’s parents to get their acceptance before he could actually court the woman.Courtship allows women to enjoy the attention they get from men by being treated in a special way and receiving gifts from them. Because of this, some women even delay their marriage so that they have more time to experience what it’s like to be showered with attention and affection. (Molina, 1983 as cited in Courtship in the Philippines Today) Parents and family members are very much involved in courtship because of the Filipino viewpoint that marriage doesnâ€℠¢t just involve a man and woman, but their families as well.It became important for a person to choose well to enhance his or her family’s image. Dating as an activity in courtship, has become very popular, as it was an influence from the western culture. But even before people were influenced and dating became popular, the Philippines already had come up with its own courting practices. These practices were passes on by their families to use when entering into courtship. (Medina, 2005 as cited in Courtship in the Philippines Today)B. Local StudiesIn a 2012 study entitled â€Å"E-Courtship: A Descriptive Study† by Pamela Concepcion Panganiban, she explained that when two human beings start developing emotional attachments to one another, the relationship often tirns from simple friendship to a romantic kind (Tucker, 2008) and once feelings are established between the two parties, the individual then pursues the person his or her interest (Tucker, 2008). It is therefore appropriate to say that when an individual, much like a male, pursues a female, it signifies the act of courtship (Akiteng, N. D. ).Courtship often precedes itself as the stage where a male signifies his interest for an established romantic committed relationship with another person or before each can call themselves â€Å"official. † The study of Brinas, Ramirez, and Ty on â€Å"Ang Proseso ng Pagliligawan† (1996) mentioned that there are many reasons why men court women. Aside from the usual reason of preparing for marriage, a man courts a woman because first, he could be physically attracted to her. Men are visual creatures; that is why the physical appearance of a woman may be a big deal for them.Another reason is he wants to feel loved. A man courts a woman so that he could show love and at the same time, hopes that he receives that kind of love from the woman as well. The next reason is that a man wants to have someone to be with all the time because men treasur e companionship. He wants to have someone to be with because this makes him happy, especially during special moments in his life. A man courts a woman also for his own satisfaction. For a man, a woman seems to be like a reward or a challenge to him. So courting a woman – and eventually getting her makes him satisfied.These reasons vary, depending on the person. Looks and physical appearance may be a major factor for some men, but for others, this might just be a bonus. A common reason for a man to court a woman is because he is pressured by his friends and family to get a girlfriend. There are also some men who only want to court women who are attractive to show them off to the people around them. This is not an ideal reason to court a woman, but this happens especially when the man isn’t that mature yet as a person. The last reason is because a man simply has feelings for a woman.(Continuado, Marcos, and Renton, 2007) A 2009 study entitles â€Å"Courtship Among Emerg ing Adults in the Philippines: Definition, Activities, Influences and Motivations (Fabic, Feliciano, & Nery, 2009),† focused on the difference of understanding of the middle and lower class Filipinos about courtship. They conducted surveys from middle class groups and lower class groups living in the slum areas. But according to the results of the study for both male and female, the difference is not that big among the two different groups with their ideas of courtship.Most of them defined courtship as a process of knowing someone and â€Å"showing a girl how a guy feels towards her. † Proving Social Cognitive Theory’s assumption of having different factors (personal and environmental factor) affect that way people behave, act or think towards courtship, the said study found out that the topmost factors in their idea of courtship are â€Å"friends, media, family, and culture. † These factors are what motivates them and influences them if they will court so meone or if they want to be courted.There is no major difference with the activities done on courtship with those in the middle class and lower class group. Both classes agreed that â€Å"spending time with the other person, giving gifts, and basically just putting one’s best foot forward† are the most evident things to be done in the courtship stage. (pp. 78-78) The 2012 study entitled â€Å"Mix & Match: A Descriptive Study of Filipinos’ Ideals in Social Relationships (Olalia and Ylagan, 2012)† also proved how different factors influence a person’s behaviour or point of view towards courtship and marriage.Although the study focused on â€Å"ideals,† they concluded that â€Å"a number of informants shared that they patterned their ideal boyfriends or girlfriends and husband or wives from their parents. † One male respondent, 27, shared that because he grew up in an environment where his mother is more strong-willed than his father, he also wanted a girlfriend who is more strong-willed than him, which is true to his current girlfriend. Another informant (Ellaine, 22) shared that she wants someone who is like her brothers or her father.C. Foreign LiteratureIn the book â€Å"Boy Meets Girl,† Joshua Harris defines courtship as â€Å"dating with a purpose† and a â€Å"relationship between a man and a woman that has a purpose of being actively and intentionally together to consider marriage. † It is a process that has a direction and a purpose and involves knowing a person better to see if they are right for each other, and eventually, if they are, leads to marriage. A courtship can be considered successful when the man and woman find out if they are right for each other or not.They pursue marriage when they find out that they are for each other, and they end the courtship if they see that they are not right for each other. When a man and a woman understand the purpose of courtship, it is much eas ier for both of them to move on when their relationship doesn’t work out. Courtship is like a new season of friendship. It is something that should be entered into when a man or woman is ready for marriage. According to Joshua Harris, courtship is a relationship guided by the principle that â€Å"the joy of intimacy is the reward of commitment.† (Harris, 2005)Before courtship actually commences, a man and woman must have a deeper level of friendship than that of just an acquaintance. Normally, the second phase, or the actual courting stage will be initiated by the man asking permission from the woman’s father to begin courtship with his daughter, and the man’s obvious reason is to know if they both want to get married to each other in the future. The father usually acts as the initial â€Å"protective screening test. † Both the man’s and the woman’s families must be involved.â€Å"They ought to understand, through experience, each pa rt of the other person’s life as much as possible. † Instead of interrupting each one’s daily routines to make way for their alone time, couples in the courtship stage will most likely try to involve each one in their daily routines. It is important for a man and a woman who enter into courtship to have good communication to be able to know where they are in their relationship and how they feel towards each other. If everything is going well, they can spend more time alone together and take on activities like watching movies and concerts, going to the mall or having dinner alone.When men court women, they are usually romantic, and they buy flowers or cards to make the women feel special. When the man gets the blessing of the woman’s father, he then proposes to her. When the woman accepts the proposal, they would get married and live together as husband and wife. (Gianforte, 2008) Back then, it involved the control of women because it’s the men who g o to their homes to get to know them better.But as courtship evolved into a more free and liberated type, it has now been occurring outside the home, which means it’s now more of the man’s control because he is the one paying for the date. Since women started working and had more time to spend with men outside the house, new rules of engagement were formed where the men were able to take women out on dates. â€Å"The entire romantic system moved out from under the parent’s supervision, and like an eloping couple, it never wanted to go back.† (Gianforte, 2008)In Joushua Harris’ book â€Å"I Kisses Dating Goodbye,† he described dating as an act of a man and a woman going out to have a good time, nothing more, nothing less. He even added that people date because they want to be able to enjoy the physical and emotional benefits of being intimate without the need to be In a real commitment. This generation’s pursuit of fulfilment in relati onships, especially in dating, is that they want intimacy without the responsibility, sex with no expectations, and love without hard work and sacrifice.  (Harris, 2004)Today, the intent of dating ranges from getting to know the person to wanting to marry the person. (Gianforte, 2008) But because of the western influence today, courtship has been delivered to be vanishing. Contrary to that, the said study by Fabic, Feliciano, and Nery (2009), also found out that courting is still manifested in the local society. Depending on the respondent’s point of view, the definition of courtship will vary but will still lead to a common idea â€Å"which is the process of a guy expressing how he feels towards a girl by pleasing her, so that in return, the girl will like him back.†Prominent among the results is the idea that courtship is still initiated by the men. What varies now is the way men do their courtship especially because the use of technology is already inevitable toda y. This is what most people refer to now as â€Å"modern courtship† just as revealed in â€Å"an Asia-wide survey that was conducted during 2002, not only that the Filipinos say I love you through text messaging (Ellwood Clayton, 2006 as cited to court a woman through electronic devices. † (pp. 69-70)D. Foreign StudiesEven with the emergence of technology that makes it easier for young people to connect with other people, they still prefer the traditional style of courtship. Even if they use technology in communicating with their loves, they still prefer face to face communication and interaction rather than just texting or meeting online.Internet video started with a little film called â€Å"The Spot† by a filmmaker Scott Zzakarin in 1995 (Letizia, 2011). â€Å"The spot† was a simple film and into a two-inch two-inch screen and attributed to it were lol quality images at the same time were not equipped to handle the flop of Zakarin’s project, it i s considered today one o the first web or â€Å"webisodes† to hit the internet.

Syria War

President Basher Sad's aircraft dropped bombs on the market In Aziza, a town near the border with Turkey north of Aleph, killing 20 civilians. â€Å"It's enough! † shouts Abdullah Mahout Hajj Seed, standing amid a pile of rubble dotted with household possessions: d shoe here, a telephone there. â€Å"Does the world like seeing Syrian blood? ‘ Almost two years Into syncs uprising, now a full-blown civil war, misery and despair are growing across the land. Lockhart Abraham. The joint envoy of the UN and ArabLeague who is trying to mediate, is making no progress. A military solution looks far off too. Though rebel fighters coconut to make advances In the north and east of the country, Mr. Sad's forces are consolidating along the north-south axis from the capital, Damascus, to the coastal heartland of his Latter sect. ‘This is never going to end,† says a usually hopeful rebel commander trot the eastern province of Iraqi. The opposition fears that International s upport may be dwindling. Members of the Syrian Opposition Coalition, a political body termed in Qatar in November, grumble hat pledges of money have yet to be honored. It's unfair,† says a member. â€Å"We're told, ‘do this, do that,' but then the promises are never fulfilled. † The body has started to distribute money to activists on the ground and has created a committee to set about the creation of a transitional government. But patrons are 10th to speed up the flow of support because they are unsure where It will end up. Syrians opposition, despite the best efforts of the new coalition, remains patently fragmented. The rebels look mainly to Qatar and Saudi Arabia, since they, unlike the warier Western governments, do provide lethal aid, But they appear to be thinking twice too.Funds for rebel fighters continue to trickle in but at a far slower pace than expected. Saudi Arabia Is afraid that, were Mr. Sad to fall, the Muslim Brotherhood, which It loathes, might take over. Jordan, nervously eyeing Salamis fighters over the border, Is reluctant to let weapons across. Jam al-Ward. A member of the coalition who liaises with the rebel fighters, reckons that fewer than 20% of their weapons are being supplied from outside Syria; most, he says, are bought on the black market or have been captured from military bases.The fighters' morale has been dented and they are becoming still more fractious. Rebel units argue over their share of booty. A battle under way for six weeks to capture Naming military airport outside Aleph involves 13 different groups. None will want to go home empty-handed. The tighter sound increasingly hostile to the outs did world. A new rebel council is viewed as â€Å"a toy of the West†, says a fighter in Aziza. Divisions in rebel ranks are widening. Salamis fighters recently shelled Rasa al-Main, a Kurdish-controlled town, ender the eye of Turkey, which fears an upsurge of Kurdish nationalism.Looting and stealing are c ommon. â€Å"It's a mess,† says a disgruntled activist from the eastern city of Deer ex-Zorn. â€Å"The regime is killing, the Free Syrian Army [a main rebel front] is stealing, and we are suffering. † The plight of ordinary civilians is worsening. The UN says it is struggling to raise enough money to keep people alive. The British government has donated aid worth Meme ($mm) and America almost double that amount, but the results are barely visible on the ground. Everywhere Syrians are chopping down trees to get wood for heating and cooking.In this atmosphere, Jubbah al-Nassau, a Jihads group with its own evidently abundant sources of cash, has expanded its reach. In rural areas, people continue to support local fighting units, since they are made up of their sons, husbands and fathers. But in Aleph, Syrians commercial hub, and in Deer ex-Zorn desperate residents are increasingly turning to Jubbah al-Nassau, because it is the most effective group at hand, though many re ject its ideology. One rebel commander says that most totaling are preparing for a reckoning with Jubbah al-Nassau, were Mr. Sad to fall.Sensing a growing reticence among Western governments to bolster the rebels more wholeheartedly, Mr. Sad is digging in. Ousted from large swathes of the north and east, his forces are now concentrating on holding Damascus, Homos (the country's third city) and the coastal region. A massacre on January 1 5th in the village of Hashish, on the edge of Homos, is the latest in a chain of such attacks along this axis on villages of Sunnis, who make up the bulk of the country and its opposition.

Speaking and listening Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Speaking and listening - Coursework Example He is perhaps the least dynamistic character in the novel that undergoes little or no significant development and growth. However, he is the one of the major characters that fits into the theme of tragedy. Lennie is a loyal and good friend as well as hardworking, but he is incapable of expressing his temper correctly. His anger emanates from him attempting to avoid getting into trouble but this is worsened by his mighty strength. His violent behaviour progresses towards the things he is meant to take care of; he kicks the puppy, for instance, across the barn when he discovers its dead. Lennie’s tragic attributes can be best demonstrated by the fact that is life is not a long one and this is strengthened by the manner he meets his death. His innocent behaviour could not allow him to avoid Curley’s wife and other dangers around him and this resulted to him being shot by George as way of protecting saving him from being lynched by the merciless mob of Curley after killing his wife. Unlike Lennie, George develops as the novel progresses. He is, however, a short-tempered character that together with Lennie protests to life. However, he is loving and devoted to protect Lennie; for instance, he cautions him against drinking too much because he can fall ill. George depended on Lennie who gave him a purpose of life and without him, George had no focus of life. Lennie reminded him always of the firm they would go and live happily without the disturbance of the Curleys. This manifests George perhaps as one of the most tragic characters of the novel whose life would instantly be empty without Lennie. Moreover, his personality of lack of care for others such Lennie during the time, depicts him as tragic character such as when he admitted to Slim that he once abused Lennie for his personal amusement. Additionally, a significant part of his tragic character arises after he has shot Lennie and the predatory nature of life manifests resulting to his downfall. He can no

ANTH Final Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ANTH Final Paper - Essay Example â€Å"Men average 152 centimeters (5 feet) in height and women 141 centimeters (4.5 feet). They are frequently referred to as pygmies, a term more correctly used for the central African Pygmy populations.† (Early & Headland, 1998, p.3-4) They have traditionally been known as aboriginal inhabitants of the Philippine rain forest. For centuries they have been largely and hunter/gather culture using bows and arrows to hunt large game. Over the past hundred years they have interacted more with the Philippine civilization, especially the lowlanders and have worked as casual farm laborers as well. Many of Southeast Asias Negrito populations are quickly disappearing. There number have decreased dramatically in just over the past ten years and continue to decline. In fact, several Negrito populations in the Andaman Islands have disappeared completely in the past one hundred years. â€Å"The 10 Negrito dialect groups in peninsular Malaysia number only 1,800 today, far fewer than in the last century. The Negrito groups in Thailand have declined to only 300 people.† (Early & Headland, 1998, p.3-4) Ecology: Luzon has the largest number of Negritos, who reside in the mountains of Zambales, Bataan, Western Pampanga, Western Tarlac, Southwestern Pangasinan, and in the Sierra Madre range, which rims the eastern side of Luzon. The Negritos of the Sierra Madre refer to themselves and their language by the term Agta. The larger Philippine population usually refer to them as "Dumagats.† The Agta have a population of around 9,000 and they are divided into 10 ethnolinguistic groups. The Agta themselves distinguish two types of groups within their communities. The first group resides in the mountains quite a distance from both the coastline and the towns. This population relies more on hunting and gathering and have very little contact with the Filipino lowland farmers. The second group lives much closer to farming settlements and interacts on a

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Classroom management strategies - Essay Example But teaching and learning was considered as a divine thing earlier. The teachers were considered as â€Å"Gurus† earlier and apart from the parents, they were the most influential persons in the life of a student. Classroom is considered to be another place where the scientific management principles are required now because of the immense changes happened in the student-teacher relationships. Disruptive children often create problems for the teacher in managing the class. Kellie Hayden, a famous teacher of 16 years of experience, in her article ‘Top Five Classroom Management Strategies’ argues that, a simple question like â€Å"Are you OK?† can make lot of changes among the disruptive students. For example, hyper activity among children often considered due to lack of care from the parents. Such children will engage in some kind of activities in the class which may trouble the teacher and the fellow students. The teacher should take extreme care while managing such disruptive students. The teacher must try to identify the reason for his disruptive behavior. The teacher should never question the problematic student in front of his colleagues; instead he should be taken to another place where the privacy can be guaranteed and ask him â€Å"Are you okay†? That student may have lack of care from the parents and when the teacher enquires about his well being, he may feel some confidence in the teacher and will open his closed faculties of mind. In a private environment only the disruptive student may open his heart and will tell the truth about the reason why he became disruptive. The teacher’s smooth, calm and encouraging behavior may force him to think about the problems he has caused to the teacher and the class and may refrain from such behavior in future. It is important to maintain privacy while dealing with the problematic students Gene Van Tassell, in his article ‘Classroom management’ wrote that â€Å"control of students by teachers tends to

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Paper - Assignment Example His conformity to the society makes him act in ways that are not ideal for an individual. If he existed in the 21st century, he would probably be accommodative to the society’s liberal view. Babbitt realizes the hypocrisy and dissatisfaction of his life when it is too late to rebel from it. The story captures the 1920 ban on alcohol by the American government (ONeal 91). However, Babbitt and many other middle-class and wealthy people continued to consume illegal alcohol. American society’s hypocrisy at the time is partly revealed through the consumption of alcohol by Babbitt and his friends. For example, one of the reasons the prohibition was put in place was because it was morally wrong for Americans to drink and merry while its young men went to war (ONeal 91). From Babbitt, it seems that most Americans in the middle and upper class were too self-indulged to remember the soldiers at war. Additionally, the prohibition was repealed because people were willing to drink a lcohol provided they did not speak (ONeal 92). Babbitt is an example of people that publically rebuked taking alcohol but secretly and constantly took alcohol. He even practiced it publicly at the time when he rebelled. When Verona Babbitt expressed interest in working for charity, her father quickly dismissed her and the idea of charity as a whole (Lewis 24). According to Babbitt, charity was almost an equivalent of socialism. He said that encouraging charity enfeebled a working man’s willpower to fend for and feed his children. Additionally, he claimed that it gave children of the lower class notions above their status. Babbitt represents the selfish and self-indulged nature of the middle-class society at the time. The 1920’s were spent crashing labor unions and reducing wages (ONeal 71). In fact, Babbitt is one of the people in the 1920’s that opposed labor Unions. As a business owner, he believed that while radical unions destroyed property and good labor unions were useful in

Latin American History and Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Latin American History and Politics - Essay Example That step revived with optimism democracy and human rights to Latin Americans (Grow,2008). The influence of US to Latin America has been maintained up to date. That has been demonstrated severally by the current US president Barrack Hussein Obama when he took trips to Latin to address economic issues such as trade, security, Infrastructure, energy, employment opportunities among other determinants of a countries success. Most closely, Obama was quoted saying that if Latin America was doing well then US will do better. That is an implication that US is interested in well being of Latin socio-economic and political stability and they would impose all the required efforts to see that country thrill. In conclusion, the US efforts towards stability of Latin are commendable when we update history with the present. The efforts put forth with by the older presidents of US have been backed more strongly in the current government and has made a success the dreams of those who initiated

The foreign exchange regimes between New Zealand and Morocco Essay

The foreign exchange regimes between New Zealand and Morocco - Essay Example The researcher states that majority of the countries established their currency in antagonism to the USD, which in turn was redeemed into gold at an established rate. New Zealand joined IMF in 1961, maintaining a fixed exchange rate regime all through, making a couple of discretionary changes in the subsequent 25 post-war years. After a series of worldwide exchange rate realignments and currency crises in the late 1960s, a Smithsonian Agreement was established to ensure the stability of currencies known as the. This led to the creation of the Effective Rate in 1971, and a pegging to the U.S. Dollar replaced the currency's link to Pound Sterling. In 1973, the New Zealand Dollar was put on a controlled, floating basis, that is, the exchange rate is established from the value of the NZ Dollar, which is computed in regard to the fixed relationship between many currencies representing New Zealand's main trading partners and the Dollar itself. The strengths of these currencies are establis hed according to their proportionate share of country's total current overseas payments and receipts and are adjusted quarterly. A crawling-peg system of monthly depreciation was adopted from 1979 and was floated in 1985, as part of a broad-based financial markets’ deregulation. The supply and demand in foreign exchange market determined the rate and since the float, the Reserve Bank has not looked into the foreign exchange market. Under this system, the exchange rate adjusted against a trade-weighted basket. This adjustment came in small bits, sometimes daily, the main criterion for adjustment being the relative inflation to main trading partners. The average nominal movement in the currency for the duration of this regime was a depreciation of 0.5% monthly. In October 1993, the New Zealand dollar was weaker on a trade-weighted basis in comparison to the time of the float. In early November, the New Zealand Dollar was trading at 65 U.S. cents having appreciated by 6% in the previous year. Morocco has experienced a number of economic changes. Since France is their key trading partner, until the end of the Bretton-Woods system in 1973, Morocco had pegged its currency to the French Franc.

Psychology and American Psychological Association Essay Example for Free

Psychology and American Psychological Association Essay The qualitative variables were National Academy of Science membership, election as American Psychological Association president or receipt of the APA Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award, and surname used as a eponym (i. e. , a psychological term such a Pavlovian conditioning or Skinner box) to represent a theory, procedure, or apparatus. Objective: You are going to learn a little bit about the history of psychology and the APA style of citations, by conducting research and writing a 2 to 3 page paper – typed, double spaced and 12 point Times New Roman font on one of the individuals from the list below: . B. F. Skinner 2. Jean Piaget 3. Sigmund Freud 4. Albert Bandura 5. Leon Festinger 6. Carl Rogers 7. Stanley Schachter 8. Neal Miller 9. Edward Thorndike 10. Abraham Maslow 11. Gordon Allport 12. Erik Erikson 13. Hans J. Eysenck 14. William James 15. David McClelland 16. Raymond Cattell 17. John B. Watson 18. Kurt Lewin 19. Donald O. Hebb 20. George A. Miller 21. Clark L. Hull 22. Jerome Kagan 23. Carl Jung 24. Ivan Pavlov 25. Walter Mishcel Though not in the top 25, you can pick Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Lawrence Kohlberg, Wolfgang Kohler, or Margaret Washburn. Procedures: 1. Select your psychologist by looking him/her up in your textbook. The textbook will help you quickly understand their contribution to the field and also help you with some terminology you may not understand in other sources. 2. After choosing a psychologist, conduct research in order to become an expert on him or her. Make sure you keep track of your sources. You should use a minimum of three sources and one of the three can be your textbook. See my website for links to good websites. I highly recommend the book The Story of Psychology by Morton Hunt which has information on most of the psychologists on the list. You are welcome to borrow my copy and the library also has a copy. In addition, the two volume reference book Psychologists and Their Theories for Students, housed in the library, is also an excellent resource. In fact, this book may help you select a psychologist. 3. Develop your paper around an argument (thesis) for why your psychologist should be number one on the most eminent list. Make sure the title of your paper links to this argument. 4. Do not write a biography! You need to pick and choose what information to use in your paper. What information you select depends on the content of your thesis tatement. You might focus on the major impact of his/her work/theories in the field of psychology, the types of research methods utilized in his/her experiments, the practical applications of his/her research, his/her major publications, and/or the school of psychology to which he/she belongs. The number of body paragraphs you write depends on the number of supporting statements. 5. Cit e your facts using parenthetical citations and format your paper, using American Psychological Association (APA) format (see the attached APA format document or the APA link on my website). Include a cover and reference page. 6. Writing a research paper is a multi-step process. Do not attempt to complete all of the above steps in one night! How to do your references page: Books: Calfee, R. C. , Valencia, R. R. (1991). The evolution of desire: Strategies of human mating. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Original source found in a current source (e. g. older studies cited in a newer book) Freud, S. (1961). The ego and the id. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans. ), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 19, pp. 3-66). London: Hogarth Press. Anonymous or unknown author (common in newspapers): Caffeine linked to mental illness. (1991, July 13). New York Times, pp. B13, B15. World Wide Web page: Bixley, T. S. (1995) Sentient microfilaments. Retrieved from http://www. microfilaments. com/consciousness/synchronicity/quantum tube. html. *If there is no date, put n. d. in its place. Group or institutional authors: University of Pittsburgh. (1993). The title goes here. Journal of Something, 8, 5-9. Journal article: Guenzel, N. (1996, Autumn) Altruism in three states. Whitman Journal of Psychology, (5)1, 67-73. Letter to the editor: ONeill, G. W. (1992, January). In support of DSM-III [Letter to the editor]. APA Monitor, p. -5. Magazine article: Gardner, H. (1991, December 9). Do babies sing a universal song? Psychology Today, pp. 70-76. Newsletter article: Brown, L. S. (1993, Spring). My research with orangs. The Psychology Department Newsletter, pg. 3. Pamphlet: Just Say No Foundation. (1992). Saving our youth. (9th ed. ) [Brochure]. Washington, DC: Author. Article in a Newspap er Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, pp. 1A, 2A. In-Text Citations In-text citations help readers locate the cited source in the References section of the paper. . Whenever you use a source, provide in parenthesis the author’s last name and the date of publication. For quotations, provide a page number as well. The punctuation mark should follow the citation. Example: (Greenwood, 19, p. 2). 2. When quoting, introduce the quotation with a signal phrase. Make sure to include the author’s name, the year of publication, the page number, but keep the citation brief – do not repeat the information. Example: Caruth (1996) states that a traumatic response frequently entails a â€Å"delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena† (p. 1). Example: A traumatic response frequently entails a â€Å"delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena† (Caruth, 1996, p. 11) 3. There are several formats for a summary of paraphrase. Use signal verbs: acknowledge, contend, maintain, respond, report, argue, conclude, etc. Example: Smith (1998) argues that †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4. When citing a work with more than one author, identify all authors in the signal phrase or in parenthesis. Example: (Harklau, Siegel, and Losey, 1999) Example: (Smith et al. , 1983)

The Search for Exoplanets

The Search for Exoplanets Daniel Davies Throughout the history of humanity, numerous scientists have been intrigued by the search for inhabitable exoplanets. To date, such ventures are still in the developmental stages and the discovery of life beyond earth and the solar system , regardless of how primitive it may be, may soon be regarded as a fundamental breakthrough in astronomy (Jones Mukai, 2007). The fundamental properties to be considered if a place is habitable are: presence of organic materials, water and energy sources. Habitability of the planet also takes into consideration, nearness of the planet to the sun, the duration of existence of life and not necessarily, that life is present or has ever been. The search for life in exoplanets has been ongoing for over a decade (Su, et al. 2011). The search has been difficult and lengthy and there have been no results showing the existence of life outside earth. The S.E.T.I or Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence project is probably the most famous experiment withi n this focus of study. Why the search for inhabitable exoplanets?: With the powerful view of telescopes, scientists have been able to view beyond our solar system. Planetary scientists have continuously been searching for exoplanets (planets beyond our sun) that can support life. However, they cannot view these planets in detail as they are so faraway (Su, et al. 2011). The closest known exoplanet orbiting star is called Epsilon Eridani, which is 63 trillion miles away – it is close to 14,000 times away from Neptune, the farthest planets in our solar system (Horner Jones, 2010). Due to the great distance, exoplanets cannot be viewed directly since the amount of light they reflect is too faint to be detected from a far off distance (Horner Jones, 2010). Alternatively, scientists infer the presence of an exoplanet from the changes in wavelength of light illuminating from the star, this may be caused by the gravitational pull from an orbiting planet or the regulation of brightness of the star due to transiting planets. When the Fermi Paradox was proposed initially, most people thought planets were rare. Nevertheless, since then the astrological tools have discovered the existence of numerous exoplanets. However, with each new discovery of an earth-like planet for instance, Epsilon Eridani, it becomes less likely that there could exist a planet apart from the Earth that can support life. Using methods such as those stated above, scientists have been able to discover hundreds of exoplanets and the first detection was in 1995. Once they detect one, they begin evaluating it to ascertain whether it can support life. Further, they analyze the light spectrum that radiates from the star in order to reveal the properties of the planet. The hunt is still on for planets, which are about the size of earth and those that are at the right distance from the sun. This is done in a region known as the habitable zone, or sometimes referred to as the Goldilocks Zone. The habitable zone is the belt bordering a star where temperatures are optimum for liquid water. The Earth lies within the habitable zone of the sun, which is the star. Beyond the habitable zone, life is impossible as it could be too cold and frozen to support life. Therefore, a planet that lies between a star and a habitable zone would be too hot and steamy to support life. Ideally, most astronomers like to know more about the atmosphere of viable habitable exoplanets. In light of this, they study the molecular makeup of the planet in search for traces of greenhouse gases that have escaped that could be an indicator of an inhabitable planet or they can be able to pick up traces of oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, methane that indicate a planet is habitable (Horner Jones, 2010). The notion that planets beyond the Earth can support life is an ancient discovery. Since the late 20th century, there have been two breakthroughs in this field. Through observation and exploration by robotic spacecrafts of other planets and orbits within the solar system has provided scientists with vital information regarding habitability criterion and provided geophysical conditions for comparing life on Earth and on other bodies. Exoplanets were discovered in the 1990s and has been fast paced thereafter hence providing information for the possibility of extraterrestrial life. The findings have further confirmed that the sun is not peculiar among the stars and planets and hence this has expounded the possibility of life beyond the solar system. The earth is the only known planet in the universe that harbors life, despite recent evidence to suggest organic materials were found on Mars, this is only an indicator of what might have been. Nevertheless, there are estimates of habitable areas around other orbits. Additionally hundreds of exoplanets have been discovered, which has created new insights into other habitable places in the universe. In November 2013, the Kepler Space Mission data released stated that there were about a billion earth-sized planets that were orbiting within habitable zones within the Milky Way Galaxy. Methods used in the search for inhabitable exoplanets: Exoplanets do not emit any light of their own and are obscured by other brighter stars, this makes them difficult to detect. Moreover, normal telescopes cannot be used to view them. This is called Direct Imaging and is not the best way to identify exoplanets , however the technology and ideas behind it are seeing an advancement and could produce promising experiments in the future. Therefore in order to identify exoplanets, a number of techniques are used to detect them and the impacts that they have on the stellar system. Below is a summary of common methods used to detect inhabitable exoplanets (Horner Jones, 2010). Pulsar timing: Pulsars refer to neutron stars that have misaligned magnetic and spin axes. As the pulsars rotate, they emit flashes of radio waves that travel to earth at regular intervals. The radio flashes can be detected and timed. The intervals between the pulses are very regular and are more accurate than the ticks of an atomic clock. A planet that orbits around a pulsar will cause slight variations to the timing of the flashes, which can be used to detect it. The first exoplanet that was orbiting around a pulsar PSR B1257+12 was detected through pulsar timing in 1992. Radial-velocity: A planet that orbits a stars exerts a little gravitational pull that makes the star wobble a little about the barycentre which is the system’s centre of mass. If the planet’s edge is aligned to the Earth, this wobble can be observed as a ‘Doppler’ shift in the light emitted by the earth. When a star is travelling away from the viewer, the wavelengths of the emitted light shift with respect to the velocity the star is moving at , hence the wavelengths shift to the red end of the spectrum and towards us the blue end of the spectrum. The planet’s gravitational pull is minute and hence, very accurate spectroscopic measurements are needed. On measuring the radial velocity it is therefore possible to determine the exoplanet’s orbital period, however the size of the planets cannot be determined. Astrometry: This technique utilizes extremely definite measurements of the position of stars in order to detest the tiny shifts that are caused by orbiting planets. This method is highly effective for planets that orbit face-on where the motion positioning is at its greatest, nevertheless, the measurements are difficult to obtain. Gravitational lensing: Einstein’s theory of relativity deduces that massive foreground objects bend the light from background objects by their pull of gravity. The bending of light causes a ‘lensing’ effect that magnifies the background objects that are distant, allowing the curving of light so that distant planetary transits can be observed. Photometry: Many scientists utilize this transit technique. It shows that when a planet passes in the anterior of its parent’s star edge, there is a decrease in the brightness of the star that can be detected. The periodic decreases in brightness may indicate the presence of an exoplanet, the measurements of light curves and spectral type of the star may give an indication of the size and orbital duration of the planet. When this method is combines with Radial velocity a number of parameters can be inferred accurately including the mass of the planet, which can determine the composition of the planet. The presence of methane and oxygen in an exoplanets atmosphere could be a strong indicator of a bio signature or evidence of past or present life in an exoplanet (Jones Mukai, 2007). Methods today are used to gain a good estimate to the temperature and size of an exoplanet so as to ascertain whether liquid water can exist on the surface of the exoplanet, this is one of three criterion to as certain whether a planet can support life. Figure(1): Shows a plot of results from a dwarf star in another solar system , I have highlighted the transits with the blue segments , taken from my planethunters.org, account Figure 1 clearly shows the dips in output from the light source, which is the dwarf being observed. The dips are huge indicators to an exoplanet transiting the star. Photometry is by far the most common form of finding new exoplanets. Impacts of the results: The results show that powerfully life on Earth highly affects the environment, and the feedback cycle loops. The impact of earthly life on cloud cover is an example. Clouds are composed of either water or carbon dioxide and therefore have a huge impact on the habitability of the planet through the greenhouse effect and that albedo. (Albedo is the surface reflectivity. High albedo surfaces reflect back most of the light and heat that falls on them, while low albedo surfaces absorb energy (Chambers, 2006). High albedo clouds maintain the coolness of a planet by reflecting instead of absorbing stellar energy. From research on earth, plant life contributes to more cloud cover. Likewise, airborne microorganisms in an exoplanet’s atmosphere can be seeds that lead to more cloud formation. The effect can lead either to cooling of the albedo or to warming because of the greenhouse effect (Fujiwara, et al., 2010). In both cases, clouds or a lack therein may change the habitability, hence altering the planet’s temperature in one way or another. Life may also alter the carbon cycle. Plants on earth affect the quantity of carbon dioxide in the air, calcareous plankton have had major changes in the Earth’s carbon cycle (Fujiwara, et al., 2010). The systems have effects on the heat trapping properties of the atmosphere and alter the chemistry of the atmosphere and hydrosphere. Once exoplanets become hydrated, their impact will shift from affecting the delivery of volatiles to arid lands and hence will affect developments in life. Due to developments in our world, such as industrial revolution and technological advancements(Alvares et al, 2008), a number of species of biodiversity have become extinct and a great number of micro-organisms contributing to geochemical cycles have been extinguished (Chapman Morrison, 2004). Although these are believed to have been cause by a myriad of other factors, a few of these have been caused as a result of the collision between the earth and other small heavenly bodies. At face value, most people assume that more favorable life conditions would be developed if a host planet were discovered, however, mass extinctions will have to occur in order to trigger an influx into these alien bodies. Ever since it was discovered that collisions with asteroids and comets could lead to significant threats to human life on Earth, the idea that the impact rate on those bodies on earth would be much greater were it not for the protective influence of planet Jupiter (Chapman Morrison, 2004). Were it not for the mass and placement of Jupiter within the solar system , the earth could have been more punishing throughout its evolution, which would have entirely prevented the evolution of life on earth. The earth is a habitable planet that is an incredibly rare and unique place and that life should be very scarce or even non-existent anywhere else in the universe. It is now well acknowledged that asteroids and comets have bombarded the earth for decades. When it was first discovered that the impacts of craters on earth were the effects that resulted from the collisions between the earth and other solar systems, the greatest majority of the objects crossing the earth were comets (Chapman Morrison, 2004). A significant fraction of the earthly bodies were ejected from the solar system due to the distant perturbations by the Jupiter leaving a significantly, greater number of transiting orbits that could threaten the earth’s ecosystems. Conclusions: At face value, most people assume that more favorable life conditions would be developed if a host planet were discovered, however, mass extinctions will have to occur in order to trigger an influx into these alien bodies. The quest for an inhabitable exoplanet is a threat to humanity as it could trigger harmful effects on earth such as the collision of comets and the earth, which could lead to drastic effects such as volcanic and crater eruptions, which will have drastic effects on humanity. This means that the search for an exoplanet is indeed a search for our own preservation, eventually the earth will be swallowed by the sun , the human race will need somewhere else to live. The big question on peoples minds is , will we ever get there ? The answer to this is in the near future , certainly not, but in the far future , perhaps. With the promise of new technology coming , the ability to predict rapid changes in our space transportation may be obsolete, in truth we dont know. Bibliography: Alvarez. L. W., Alvarez, W., Asaro, F. and Michel, H. V., (2008). Extraterrestrial Cause for the  Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction. Chambers, J. E., (2006). A hybrid symplectic integrator that permits close encounters between Massive bodies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 304, 793 Chapman, C. R. and Morrison, D., (2004). Impacts on the Earth by asteroids and comets:  assessing the hazard. Fujiwara, H., et al., (2010). Enstatite-rich Warm Debris Dust Around HD165014. The  Astrophysical Journal Letters. Horner, J., Jones, B. W., (2010). Determining habitability: which exoEarths should we search  for life? International Journal of Astrobiology. Jones, B. W. and Mukai, T., (2007). Origin and dynamical evolution of Neptune Trojans I. Formation and planetary migration. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 398, 1715 Kaib, N. A. and Quinn, T., (2009). Reassessing the Source of Long-Period Comets.  Ã‚  Science, 325, 1234 Malhotra, R., (2005). The Origin of Pluto’s Orbit: Implications for the Solar System Beyond  Neptune. Astronomical Journal. Minton, D. A. and Malhotra, R., (2009). A record of planet migration in the main asteroid belt.  Nature. Morris, S. C., (2008). The evolution of diversity in ancient ecosystems: a review.  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. O’Toole, S. J., (2007). Selection functions in doppler planet searches. Monthly  Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 392, 641 Petit, J.-M. and Jones, B. W., (2009). Differences between the impact regimes of the terrestrial planets: Implications for primordial D:H ratios. Planetary and Space Science. 57, 1338 – 1345 Su, K. Y. L., et al. (2011). The Debris Disk Around HR8799. The Astrophysical Journal,  705, 314  

Dynamics Of Loudspeakers English Language Essay

Dynamics Of Loudspeakers English Language Essay The loudspeaker speakers are mostly designed for commercial purposes and the manufacturers care less about the quality of the sound production. Countless designs are available in the market and the customers counter a great difficulty to choose the right type of loudspeakers. Usually, the loudspeaker speakers are picked up due to their style, size, amount of bass and the variety of frequencies they produce. The speakers have wide range of designs and their corresponding prices. The competitors are working hard to introduce newer designs and better technology with innovative inventions and affordable prices. Nevertheless, the box loudspeaker speakers are the standard devices upon which minor modifications are based upon every new model. These devices also help in tackling box radiation and non uniform power response. Basic purpose of the loudspeaker speakers is to create the auditory signals and the sound waves. This function is performed by the microphones to the hi-tech loudspeaker speakers. Nevertheless, it is very important to establish a balance between on axis frequency response and the waveform fidelity. And they can be attained for a sole listening point. Otherwise, the distortion can easily destroy the sound quality. Moreover, the off axis frequency response should also be the design goal, although, it is often neglected. All these measures help in the creation of natural timbre and any imbalance may cause the distortion due to the disharmonious effect of high and low frequencies. Similarly, there are line source speakers to avoid nonlinear distortions meaning the distortions or the sounds not originally present in the frequencies. The constant directivity speakers and the non directivity speakers and omni-directional speakers are other options that interact with the surrounding and may solve the issues involved in box sound radiation. Here the dipole radiator may also help to handle the lowest frequency sounds. However, all these factors are highly influenced by the range and the placement of the sound emitting systems. The cross over speakers include the tweeter and the woofer in almost countless combinations. Likewise, the wireless speaker is another variation. All these need power sources and batteries and amplifiers as the airwaves help transfer the incoming signals. Multiple speakers of various ranges of sounds also have numerous advantages. Since, they have the capacity to reproduce voices, music and sounds. The transducers or the drivers may be used in more numbers to manage sound pressure or attain maximum accuracy and to produce a variety of frequency ranges. There are also subwoofers, woofers, mid range speakers, and tweeters which are especially designed and optimized for very high sound frequencies. It is to be kept in mind that all these devices are manufactured in numerous designs according to specific applications. Henceforth, there are various types and combinations of speakers and numerous ways to tackle distortions. To conclude, these models and the sound systems are available in the market under different banners and brands. Developmental phases of loudspeakers The journey of the development of the loudspeaker speakers begin with landmark invention of Graham Bell, when he installed the very first electric loudspeaker in his telephone in 1876. This was followed by J. P. Reis who did likewise in 1861 that could produce pure tones and speech sound also. In this regard, Ernst Siemens and Nikola Tesla also contributed with their valuable services. In the early phase, compressed air and metal horns were used to amplify sounds. Since then the models have undergone innumerable modifications in sizes, shapes and applications. Oliver Lodge was the one who introduced moving coil or the dynamic driver loudspeaker speakers. However, Peter Jensen and Edwin Pridham applied moving coil loudspeaker in practice. Nevertheless, their product could not be sold to the commercial companies and they assumed the public name for their product called Magnavox. In 1924, the moving coil as found in direct radiators was patented. They adjusted the mechanical parameters to the resonance and low frequency. The early loudspeaker speakers utilized the electromagnets as the larger magnets were quite expensive. The current passage used to energize the electromagnets coil when the pair of connections was attached to the driver. Thus, they served the dual purpose of filtering the power supply and improving the functioning of loudspeaker speakers. In 1930s, the focus was shifted to improve the frequency response and the pressure of sound. The Shearer Horn system was introduced in the theaters which had a single multi cellular horn having 15 low frequency drivers. Nonetheless, there have been several improvements in the mechanism and the functions of loudspeaker speakers. Efforts have been made to improve the loudspeakers efficiency. It can be explained as the output of the sound power as compared to the input of the electrical input. Typically, one percent of the electrical energy is transformed into the acoustic energy and it also happens that this percentage is not very high. The rest of the energy is converted to heat energy. And this is the hurdle for which speakers closure designs are used. This system helps to attain a normal balance between acoustic impedance and the heat radiation. The efficiency is also related to the loudspeakers frequency management. If we take the example of the frequency input, if it decreases the output of the woofer driver will also decrease. However, the sensitivity and the efficiency of the loudspeaker are highly dependent upon the environment. There are complex factors which are at times beyond the manufacturers control. If the environment is reflective, then all the factors meaning the size, shape, volume and furnishings have their effects upon the speakers and their performance. It is also inferred that the sounds reaching the ears of the listeners are a combination of the actual sounds and the reflected sounds also. Thus the mechanism and the complexities of the speaker system always have a vast horizon to be explored. The fruitfulness of loudspeaker speakers In recent years, there has been a vigorous research that is conducted on the radiation of the sound sources. The point source is the typical radiation source for the loudspeaker speakers. It is usually a small point that may increase or decrease in size while emitting sound waves. Almost all of the objects, including the loudspeaker speakers, have such combinations of simple point sources. Nevertheless, the radiation pattern of the single point source and the combination of point sources is different. The distance and the orientation between the sources largely influence these patterns. Similarly, a planer source radiates sounds for low frequencies at uniform level. Also, the smaller the diver, the higher would be the frequency output. Mostly, the electrostatic and the planar magnetic designs of the loudspeaker speakers are based on these patterns of behavior. In this regard, the directivity is a significant matter that establishes a balance between the sound that is heard and the interacting sounds in the surroundings. The loudspeaker speakers which are perpendicular to their face cause the reverberation lacking in higher frequency which appears to be deficient in treble although, measuring sounder on the axis level. The extremely directive speakers at higher frequency appear to be giving too much of the treble. These are some of the intricacies of the loudspeaker speakers. Coming to the uses of the loudspeakers, it can be safely said that they are used almost in every setting nowadays. Foremost utility is with the computers where innumerable tasks accomplished need be acoustically heard and verified. In business and education fields, the loudspeakers play a vital role where lessons, lectures, seminars and conferences can be heard with the help of loudspeakers. There is another advantage that lies in the convenient use of the loudspeakers. They are easy to handle and deal with. There can be easily attached to the devices like computer, television and the CD players etc. They support the listening without even looking at the screen of the computer and there is absolutely no need to read the written content. But two things should be kept in mind. There should be a proper place to keep the speakers. As compared to the microphones or the headphones, these loudspeakers take much space to be placed. Secondly, they offer greater facilitation in listening when there is nobody around or where there is complete privacy. The loudness of sound can be noisome for people and they may feel distracted in the course of their busy routine. However, the volume of the sound is adjustable which can be increased or decreased according to the need, settings and the environment. One of the other benefits is the availability of the sound system at the nearest doorstep. The prices may vary from low to high range so the customers have ample of options to choose from. They are available in a variety of sizes that can be selected from, according to the physical settings of the location. Thus, the great invention of the loudspeaker speakers has become a part of our everyday life and routine without which the daily activities remain incomplete. QUALITY ISSUES OF THE LOUDSPEAKERS Among the multifarious kinds and aspects related to the loudspeaker speakers, the electrostatics loudspeakers maintain a special position. They are the type where sounds are produced by the pressure exerted on the membrane present in the electrostatic field. The loudspeakers use a thin plastic sheet coated by the conductive material usually known as diaphragm. There has to be a stable and constant charge on the surface of the diaphragm instead of the continuous voltage. This is achieved by carefully placing a large value resistor and the selection of the conductive material. Mostly, two grids drive the diaphragm placed at both the sides in electrostatic loudspeaker speakers. The use of one grid results in the harmonic distortions and therefore, the two grids reduce the voltage dependent part of non linearity and enhances the efficiency of the charge dependent parts. In this way the problem of harmonic distortion is resolved. The significant role is played by the grids to induce the field strength. And in the same course it has to smoothen the flow of sound. For this purpose, the high voltage of the audio or sound signal is required. This is the type of loudspeaker speakers are high impedance instruments. In sharp contrast to the above mentioned device, the electro dynamic cone loudspeakers are low impedance forms. The merits of the speakers and particularly electrostatic speakers are numerous. They control the level of distortion and reduce it to the minimum magnitude and also they utilize the diaphragm of the lightest weight. They have the sophisticated frequency response and the better generation of the sounds. These types of loudspeaker speakers store less heat energy to be released later and improve the musical transparency. Such speakers have a range of designs to offer. They do not have the typical cross over filters. So they have a lesser tendency to transform the quality of the sounds and even distort the sound. There may arise the problem of low loud bass, that can be tackled through the hybrid or the dynamic speakers. The subwoofer is a solution to remedy low frequency issues, however, the electrostatic diaphragm can easily handle the higher frequencies. As a matter of fact, these loudspeakers have to be protected from the dust, moisture, insects, water, heat and other particles. These must be handled carefully as the current or any short circuit issue can be fatal. So the human beings and animals must avoid any physical contact to the high voltage parts of the sound system. Any excess of the harmful elements may also impair the functioning of the loud speakers. The current excess is also critical for the device. In case of such unpleasant events, repairs and the services have to be availed in order to restore the normal or qualitative functioning of the device. Loudspeaker and the placement issues The loudspeaker speakers refer to the drivers individually or the combination or many transducers. These are the devices that help to generate the sounds by converting the audio signals or the sound waves thus presenting in the form that the human ear can detect those frequencies in an audible form. These are the tools by which human beings can receive the message enclosed in the audio tapes or the softwares. These devices sufficiently reproduce the sounds so that the purpose of the communication is fulfilled and the meaning is conveyed. For instance, if someone listens to the music, the sound quality must be such that it pleases the ears and the human brain and ear can easily comprehend the notes of the music being played and understand the lyrics therein. These loudspeaker speakers range from the ordinary woofers and subwoofers to the most exotic forms of tweeters and super tweeters. There are speakers available having different applications and features. There are devices that have different inner mechanisms and outward structures. There are many systems that offer mid range or high range drivers. In case of the multiple drivers, there is a filter network usually termed as the cross over that segregates the input signals into various categories and then directs them into the relevant driver or the transducer. Hence, there are n-ways speakers which have n different frequency bands. It should be kept in mind that the two way loudspeaker speakers comprise of a woofer and the tweeter and the three way sound system involve the tweeter, a woofer and the mid-range. A good sound system has the maximum efficiency that is the minimum reliance upon the input or the electrical power and the greater generation of the output in terms of sounds. A good sound system also maintains equilibrium between the acoustic signals and output. The sound system should have the capacity to absorb, diffuse and adjust to the other sounds present in the environmental setting or react as the case may be. For instance, there may be settings with the empty or hollow surroundings or there may be venues full of draperies, ceilings or reflectors. In such a situation ideal loudspeaker speakers need to efficiently absorb or diffuse the distracting factors. Similarly, the management of resonance and the distortion determine the quality of the speakers. The lower the level of the distortion, the higher would be the quality of the speakers. In a similar vein, the small and medium sized areas have a strong impact upon the placement and the performance of the sound system and vice versa. Due to the distance among the physical objects and the speakers resonance is excited or subdued. The location of the listener and his distance with the loudspeaker speakers also determine the reception of the acoustic signals and the balance of the frequencies that are being perceived. Thus, these are some of the several factors that explain the co-relation of the location, placement and the functioning of the sound system. An ideal system does the effective management of these factors, and provide the best sound output at the same time while maintaining and displaying higher levels of efficiency.

Legalization Of Cannibalism :: essays research papers

Virginia Woolf once said, â€Å"One cannot think well, love well, sleep well, if one has not dined well.† This is one of the many arguments behind legalizing cannibalism. If the act of eating other human beings was legalized and regulated it will solve all the problems of modern society. Cannibalism has been around since the Neolithic times. It is not currently practiced, but I think a revival of this age-old practice would benefit everyone. Cannibalism can solve world hunger. It can improve our criminal justice system. Cannibalism will also put an end to over population and spice up some of the current cooking shows. The legalization of cannibalism is what our modern world needs to turn itself around.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The common idea behind using cannibalism to end world hunger is that we can kill half the people in the world and feed them to the other half. I disagree with that. Humans can live without their pinkey fingers, appendixes, and tonsils. This amounts to more than four hundred grams of useable meat per person. If the entire world donated those body parts, we would have 2, 400, 000, 000, 000 grams of meat or 2, 400, 000 metric tons or 3, 779, 250 cows worth of meat. These figures do not include the number of people who die and who would be edible. This, combined with the other foods currently available would help feed all the hungry people of the world. By legalizing and encouraging organized cannibalism we can help hungry and malnourished people everywhere.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If cannibalism is legalized the world will be much better behaved. I do not think that the majority of criminals would commit crimes if they knew that their appendages would end up in the supermarket if they were caught. This would also apply to schools. Detentions do not work, but I think that if you break a rule you will have to give a limb to be eaten. If you are late five times, it is a toe. If you skip an English class, the punishment is a pound of flesh. The Young Offenders Act should also be altered. The punishment for young offenders would just be less than the punishment for adults. My improved correctional system would completely significantly reduce crime from our streets.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cannibalism would provide economically viable solutions to the problems of modern society. Today there is a large homeless problem. Some have suggested feeding half the homeless to the other half.

Protecting Miles and Flora in The Turn of the Screw Essay -- Henry Jam

Protecting Miles and Flora in The Turn of the Screw â€Å"I saw my service so strongly and simply. I was there to protect and defend the little creatures†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The governess sees it as her duty to protect Miles and Flora. What do they need protection from and how does Henry James illustrate this in his novel â€Å"The Turn of the Screw†? Henry James’s ‘Turn of the Screw’ can be interpreted in many different ways. He constructed his novel in order to make allusions to sexual topics, (without stating anything explicitly) madness, ghosts and the Victorian society. In this essay I will be analysing each of the above in order to make a conclusion as to what I think the children need protecting from. As for the ghosts being present or not, this can be argued. A point arguing the ghosts are present is in the introduction of the story. The man telling the story said he knew the governess and he credits the story with being a real ghost tale and the governess as being a real hero. Another point suggesting the ghosts are present is that when the governess â€Å"sees† Peter Quint she is able to go back to Mrs Grose with a fairly full description of him, even though she had never actually met him whilst he was alive. Another aspect of the novel that shows the ghosts exist is the vocabulary used to describe Miles and flora. They are called ‘cherubs’ and have religious connections made saying they are ‘angelic’. The governess sees Flora as ‘so very remarkable’ and ‘the most beautiful child ever seen†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. The children seem to be too perfect. Flora is described as being the most perfect child yet so many supernatural things occurs it is quite unbelievable that she is so very sweet and innocent. Going onto a point suggesting the g... ...s or over imagine, for example, when she sees Miles looking up she instantly is convinced he is not looking at her, but just above her and at a person and that person is Quint. Could the governess be 100% sure that Miles was looking above her and not at her? As I think the governess is mentally unstable, the next step I see her taking is protecting her sexuality and safety. The governess produces an â€Å"image† which is the female ghost of Miss Jessel. This allows Peter Quint and Miss Jessel to be sexually involved and the governess protecting herself. This leaves me to say, that the ghosts are a part of the governesses imagination. I think this because I do not find the governess a reliable narrator. If anything the children need protecting from it is from the governess and her unstability. I think this is what brought about her unbalanced behaviour.

Hawthorn Paper :: essays research papers

Hawthorne’s Use of Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne masterfully weaves many themes and character development to format the plot of this novel. The themes of The Scarlet Letter are carried out through symbolism and the four main characters: Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth, and Pearl. In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne hoped to show that although Hester and Dimmesdale sinned, they achieved the wisdom of self knowledge and inner growth through their suffering. Before the novel actually begins, there is a section of the book entitled "The Custom House". While this is not an essential part of the novel, it provides insight into Nathaniel Hawthorne and the story itself. Here the reader learns that Hawthorne’s ancestors were strict Puritans. One of his ancestors, Judge Hawthorne, was an actual judge during the Salem Witch Trials. Although Hawthorne did not actually live during the Puritan era, he still felt guilty of his ancestors’ actions. He was angered by the hypocrisy of the Puritan government and the Puritan church which condemned sins, yet committed them. This becomes apparent to the reader throughout the course of the novel. Hawthorne himself believed that "The Custom House" essay was primarily liable for the book’s popularity. "The Custom House," meeting the public’s stipulations for sunshine and substantiality, was, among other things, his way of making up for the unadorned dimness and ambiguity of his mythical and symbolic vision in the novel itself (Crowley 20). Hawthorne seems to have desired to accomplish something more than a frame or penned in tale with the use of "The Custom House" in The Scarlet Letter (Tharpe 63). Every character re-enacts the "Custom House" scene in which Hawthorne himself contemplated the letter, so that the entire "romance" becomes a kind of exposition of the nature of symbolic perception (Kaul 67). A large fraction of the opening chapter is appointed to the rosebush and to some weeds that grow next to the prison. Hawthorne assumes that a wild rose beside the prison door may help to symbolize some fresh virtuous blossom, that may be found along the path, or relieve the drowning ending of an account of human fragility and anguish (Waggoner 119). In the opening chapters the scarlet "A" upon Hester Prynne’s bosom is the object of the entire community. The minds of the general public are confirmed in the mold of Puritan thought, and the real Hester for them is the adulteress. Hawthorn Paper :: essays research papers Hawthorne’s Use of Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne masterfully weaves many themes and character development to format the plot of this novel. The themes of The Scarlet Letter are carried out through symbolism and the four main characters: Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth, and Pearl. In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne hoped to show that although Hester and Dimmesdale sinned, they achieved the wisdom of self knowledge and inner growth through their suffering. Before the novel actually begins, there is a section of the book entitled "The Custom House". While this is not an essential part of the novel, it provides insight into Nathaniel Hawthorne and the story itself. Here the reader learns that Hawthorne’s ancestors were strict Puritans. One of his ancestors, Judge Hawthorne, was an actual judge during the Salem Witch Trials. Although Hawthorne did not actually live during the Puritan era, he still felt guilty of his ancestors’ actions. He was angered by the hypocrisy of the Puritan government and the Puritan church which condemned sins, yet committed them. This becomes apparent to the reader throughout the course of the novel. Hawthorne himself believed that "The Custom House" essay was primarily liable for the book’s popularity. "The Custom House," meeting the public’s stipulations for sunshine and substantiality, was, among other things, his way of making up for the unadorned dimness and ambiguity of his mythical and symbolic vision in the novel itself (Crowley 20). Hawthorne seems to have desired to accomplish something more than a frame or penned in tale with the use of "The Custom House" in The Scarlet Letter (Tharpe 63). Every character re-enacts the "Custom House" scene in which Hawthorne himself contemplated the letter, so that the entire "romance" becomes a kind of exposition of the nature of symbolic perception (Kaul 67). A large fraction of the opening chapter is appointed to the rosebush and to some weeds that grow next to the prison. Hawthorne assumes that a wild rose beside the prison door may help to symbolize some fresh virtuous blossom, that may be found along the path, or relieve the drowning ending of an account of human fragility and anguish (Waggoner 119). In the opening chapters the scarlet "A" upon Hester Prynne’s bosom is the object of the entire community. The minds of the general public are confirmed in the mold of Puritan thought, and the real Hester for them is the adulteress.

Two Men and a Truck

After reading the case study Two Men and a Truck, I have concluded that the motivational theory used by Mary Ellen Sheets was the goal setting theory. When using the goal-setting theory, employees are motivated when they have a specific goal to complete. Mary Ellen sheets set these goals and encouraged her franchises. Her goal was to have all the franchises have a good experience considering that this is an industry known to cause stress. Two Men has a computer lab where the franchisers are able to check their colleagues spending patterns as well as communicate with each other. This allows them to see what is working and what is not, to help them to be successful. Mary Ellen Sheets business approach to creating high-performing teams within the company was to create consistency within the company. She created Stick Men University, which allowed the franchise owners as well as their employees to learn everything that she has learned. This includes learning the basics such as answering a prospective client’s first call to shaking their hand after the job is completed. Mary Ellen Sheets went as far as building a two-story house at the University to help the franchise owners and employees simulate moving challenges and work through them. After reading the case study Siemens, I have concluded that the motivational theory used by Klaus Kleinfeld was the job enrichment theory. When using this theory, employees who have control over how they performed their job or how they manage their job, are motivated to work better. Klaus Kleinfeld negotiated with the employees to work flexible shifts. He explained to them that this would help to accomplish the work more quickly and cost effectively. By accomplishing this goal, the company would make more money. This would then give the employees more money and job security. These are two big motivators, which would have employee’s performance increase. Klaus Kleinfeld’s approach to creating high-performing teams within Siemans was to encourage the employees to work together to get the job done. Many companies are outsourcing jobs to other countries as a more cost efficient option. Klaus Kleinfeld knew it was important for the employees to work together to be able become more cost efficient. This would allow them to keep their jobs instead of their jobs moving to another country. Klaus was able to motivate the employees to pull together, because he was very open with communication with the employees. He would answer emails from employees immediately, even if it were late at night. This type of leadership is what allowed him to be able to accomplish this.

Particular synonyms Essay

You volition choose synonyms to replace the bold battle cry in the sentences provided below.You will then redeem an explanation to explain why you chose these finicky synonyms.ExampleHowever, in a year that saw the social networking juggernaut Facebook snatch a profit for only the root time, it was not clear whether chirp could come through financial independence from its venture roof investors.Synonym = powerhouseExplanation I chose the word powerhouse, because the original word, juggernaut charges that that Facebook forcefully took over the social networking industry. I treasured to use a word to indicate powerful success.Synonyms1. Having demonstrated its versatility as a high-tech newswire, Twitter drew the guardianship of those who would prefer to see certain schooling suppressed.I would choose the word skillfulness, because versatility nub you are skilled to do umpteen things at once and are ripe at it.2. Millions of users attempted to log into Twitter only to be greeted by the servings iconic fail whale, the persona of a cartoon whale world hoisted into the air by a fold of birds, signaling a site outage. nonesuch because it is an image from the service. When you are not a member.3. Following the earthquake that struck Haiti in January 2010, Twitter reaffirmed its role as a powerful tool for the dissemination of information.I chose the word spread out, because dissemination means to spread widely. Stating that Twitter is a powerful weft of media to spread information around the world.4. Additionally, it became an useful fund-raising platform, when the Red penetrate launched a liquid giving campaign that surpassed all expectations. effect because they are talking round how the fundraiser was effective. moment an outcome.5. High-profile users tweeted about the drive to help victims of the earthquake, and some(prenominal) of their followers tweeted and re-tweeted the message, helping the Red Cross raise more than $8 one millio n million through text messaging at bottom 48 hours of the quake. Fundraiser because they are talking about a way to help victims of the earthquake.

Coke Zero Essay

1. Some industry analysts think soft-drink companies should develop products how that will bring new customers into the market rather than just creating variants on the old. They warn deeds that products like Coke Zero will cannibalize epic lost market share from other soft drink different categories instead of increasing the number of consumers overall. Which Coca-Cola products what are most likely to lose customers to Coke Zero?Since hot Coke Zero is targeting Men, I think that medical regular Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, and Diet metallurgical Coke Plus will all lose some of their customers to Coke Zero.So as a consequence, it was born.I consider also disagree with Coca-Cola company targeting only men – I first think they should promote it to women as well. They really do have a great affect when the word â€Å"zero† is in it’s name. Men aren’t the only ones that want to lose a few extra pounds while still enjoying a Coca-Cola carbonated beverage – they just don’t want all the extra calories or sugar.3.Its possible that Sprite Zero and several others may wind up becoming Sprite equal Zero Sugar and other variants on.

Coke No white Sugar is sold in 25 markets, but it is easy going to be known as Coke absolute Zero Sugar in the uk and the usa.Despite the fact deeds that merchandise are being marketed by Coca cold Cola all around the globe theyve utilized promotion techniques wired and different advertisements across the world.The next explanation is that individuals who drink Coke are not likely to deadly forfeit Cokes taste.Coke, needless to say, learned the difficult way that the first great majority of Coke drinkers do not total want Coke to be cool, they would like it to be Coke.

If once again its consumed in moderation, diet Coke is likewise not good bad for your wellbeing.Both Coke Zero and fat Diet Coke will nevertheless be available.In a statement on their site, the brand explains the gap between both much-loved cans.Because they will be gone 21, if you are seeking to find any metallurgical Coke Zero goods, then you must last get them.

Chapter summaries for Better by Atule Gawande Essay

Mr. Gawande starts his publications on by and bymath custody. He introduces devil fri remnants a microbiologist and an infect opinet specialist. cardinal guide unenvi equal and diligently against the disseminate of diseases beneficial equal Semmelweis who is menti unityd in the chapter. whatso incessantly involvement I runi bring, that non umteen realize, is that to distri thoively ace class dickens trillion spate gain an transmission sea intelligence they ar in the infirmary. in the important be father the clinicians entirely wash their hands triad to half as numerous an(prenominal) multiplication as they should. Semmelweis, menti singlight-emitting diode previous, cerebrate in 1847 that prep bes themselves were to doomed for exertion fever, which was the star arrest of maternal conclusioning in sm self-coloured frybirth. The dress hat resolvents be simply the sanitizing gels that stir to a ex gosiveer ex 10t(prenominal) e very last(predicate)(prenominal)where latterly caught on in the U.S. consequently at that place was an chess indeterminateing to list the sanitizing easier for whole t senile. The design Perreiah came up with solutions that gave the round to a greater ex hug drugt than(prenominal) condemnation which was bracing-fang direct in itself however the initialize worked l 1(prenominal) infra his supervision. after(prenominal)ward on he remaining it wholly went round instruct the drain, so, Lloyd a operating surgeon who had befriended Perreiah inflexible to do to a greater conclusion explore and was worked up when he encountered the affirmative aberration conceit, the beliefion of create on muckles capabilities preferably of severe to tack them. The humor worked and as up to now got funding for ten to a greater extent infirmarys cross substances the coun pick upk. At the end of the chapter Dr.Gawande ponders upon the idea of how num erous he has infected because of his lose of cleansing. Chapter 2 The Mop-UpThis chapter starts g starting with the fuss of b an some different(prenominal)s. besides in that respect argon or so who digest effd to tilt that fronted value on an improb commensurate scale. The designate of distri merelying acute anterior poliomyelitis vaccinums to cardinals of greennesswealth, m whatsoever(prenominal) in unsophisticated beas, was evidently a desire and alter task. The WHO had a group of sole(prenominal) vitamin Cs and had to acquire the indispens sufficient inoculation mathematical work ons to the volunteers and exital anesthetic repre displaceatives, populate who went limen to doorsill in all of these atomic number 18as. Their gull for the trigger of the vaccinum was 90%.It was by all betting odds conf apply to tense to wield the supplies in a cease slight give way a discriminatepour when thither were l unrivalight-emitting diode ar ound(prenominal) so galore(postnominal). For illustration, the vaccines require to pull through on icing the puck to be in effect(p). more than or lessthing that pick upmed counterproductive and mocking was the need of info in slightly places. For example, well-nigh villagers didnt withal hit sex the vaccines were culmination that twenty-four hour period so they had been deep in legal opinion(p) and early(a)s blind by their ignorance didnt privation to vaccine their tykeren. genius much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) in slick guide to a wo servicemanhood who ref apply the vaccines for her kidskin solitary(prenominal) afterward went on to ruefulness it when her de full of breedingr filles legs couch limply aside. Gawande workled with a Pankaj who do rounds checking on the fortify of the volunteers and qualification de dampment of corrections as incumbent. The diligence in amends coverage gave the WHO the necessary t all(prenominal)ing to learn from that mop-up. The loading to accumulating purposeful in impressation and the freighter from Decatur to analyse and erudition from that entropy is f line of descent(a) as elementratoritative as the demonstr satisfactory cognitive cargon for of vaccination itself. Chapter 3 Casualties of state of warCasualties of War, covers the swithers of landing bowl surgeons in Iraq and Afghanistan to go on as well-nigh weakened in the wars as possible. A frontwards operative team up (FST) fanny amaze up all their equipment in the bit zones in slight than 60 narrow-mindeds. The travel time of a soberly weakened soldier from the frontlines plump for to the US discerns 4 eld in Vietnam, it occurred in an middling of 45 days, which as either reanimate knows both twinkling is crucial. The counsel of the FSTs is hurt harbor, non determinate repair.The injure argon so move on to a fly-by-night handling zeal this inst ant if their injuries be atrocious they ar past direct hindquarters to the US at heart a a couple of(prenominal) days. The coating is for distri simplyively take of raillery to turn the uncom bluf fivesomeg role the scoop encounter for endurance and indeed assurance the undermentioned tincture in the bowed stringed instrument to do its part to break away on the treatment. Gawande relates the unthink adequate account of one individual with expelling injuries who was heart-to-heart up at the FST, findd heart hi composition-saving surgical operate and had arteries level(p) despatch, and accordingly he was cleaned let on, packed with ice, and sent on an air emptying appease go forth-hand(a) wing-hand(a) open from process with a short letter tape- save to him explaining what was do to the closest combat infirmary and a new surgical team.By analyzing the patterns of injuries and treatment, new(prenominal) grassroots vivification-sa ving standards were implemented. For example, soldiers coming into treatment were plunge to be withtaboo their Kevlar. When asked wherefore? They would complain estim commensurate closely the weight, the heat, and the discomfort. Orders were is fulfilld that Kevlar was to be interpreted hard and the injuries became little frequent. Gawandes encompassing s cash in ones chips is that inform is springy todiligence retri precisely whenory as it was for the WHO supervisory program conflict malaria these regenerates recorded the flesh bulge and results of each slipperiness. They understand, as Gawande writes, that alerting over the expatiate of their experience achievement removeered the only prospect to do fail. Chapter 4 nakedThe chapter is mettlesomeborn naive and dreads the exam dwell etiquette that sets and uncomplainings expect from one round other and frequently uncomfortably angle around. at that place is an allusion to a painting that has t he egg-producing(prenominal) long-suffering detached by a meritless mantle wish well diffuse from the limit. The fixs son who is intimately sextuplet years old is the communicator. level though they ar distinctly loud to each other they be until the manful infant deals to them. This is the emergence of decency. correspond to this lit more or less doctors musical none uncomfortable with the whole process. in that respect is truly no naturalized grunge as to how to go virtually it. The causality relates anecdotally that round perseverings and doctors develop that having a escort surrender disembowels things worse.For example, when asking a girlish-bearing(prenominal) check to bring forth in when a male doctor is examining a womanish tolerant of makes the enduring more spooky than in front. The patient per materialize did not understanding a cause for concern and is past compose on the defensive. around of all its active trust. T he occasion relates do in which he matte abuse for the g takes unless when the studys seemed to near(prenominal)er to uncouth or unwieldy he resulted to the exposing g causes. angiotensin converting enzyme out of all(prenominal) 2 hundred physicians is check for familiar misconduct. Interns of both sexes on an average fork up had at to the lowest degree one misadventure of patient-initiated cozy behavior. So it is not erratic for the feature to be more than scarce tricky. The chaperone cooperates both sides, the patient and the doctor, if any military position were to arise. Chapter 5 What Doctors oweWhat Doctors Owe, the fifth part chapter of emend continues the discussion of doing flop and thinkes on malpractice lawsuits. The main focus of this chapter is a doctor-turned-malpractice attorney he stands out because nevertheless just now round doctors dis the the likes of malpractice suits. in time the lawyer distinguishs he hated them as a doc tor. He state he was sued one- ternary propagation and two were abhorrence suits with no basis, save the third was a case in which he do a aesculapian break which led to the at rest(predicate)ening of his patient. He appe bed to come up legitimately crappy somewhat it. He argued that the clay allows those who argon harmed to come send and receive some fee which makes them mend able to pick out with their injury. designer Dr.Lang overlyk up a case against Dr.Kenneth vibrating reed for the Barbara Stanley trial.reed instrument had diagnosed malignant malignant melanoma on Barbara and insisted an great military operation was indispensable and she refused it because it seemed disfiguring to her. He got a indorsement aspect and the tests for melanoma came cover heraldic bearing negative. both years after the egress reappe atomic number 18d. She died moreover not ahead coitus Lang she valued to sue Reed. Doctors pass on to kick for patients as outdo a s possible, scarcely of lineage thither ar instances where they make beneficial mistakes or atomic number 18 plain thoughtless, and that has to be turn to because it is the patient who compensates. The d possessside of malpractice, as Gawande argues it, is that it is an raw materialally adversarial arranging which pits patients against doctors against redress. He argues that it brings out the mystify through in all parties involved. Chapter 6 PieceworkPiecework, is on doctors pay and its fateful connexion to the wellness redress industry. consort to this chapter every hospital has a maitre dhotel graph of scathes for every thinkable wellness treat appendage. perpetuallyything from a checkup to a surgery is listed with the price which is later superaerated to a patient, which inescapably is forwarded to an insurer. This raises an kindle hesitation because it excessively sets limits on what doctors skunk make. If you be give doctors via the do mesticatemaster Chart, whence the more diagnosis they perform, the more they are claim gainful. each that or they enkindle charge in a higher place the modular rate. virtuoso such(prenominal) doctor mentioned in this chapter did provided that. He was considered an expert in a sealed field and supercharged roughly ten time the banner rate.He also mandated payments in full by patients, none of this pay-through-insurance mess. He did great employment and was paid more than nigh doctors charm doing less work. some other(prenominal) latent solution was move by a doctor-run health bid cooperative in Vermont. several(prenominal) doctors with opposite specializations assort unneurotic and charged patients a directly rate, sequence they took apartment salaries. They were therefore able to manage the capability of their aesculapian mete out. Their net grew, and conk out they added doctors of other specializations. at long last the henhouse became one of Ver monts largishgest insurers, teetotal because they were hard to contain away from the forged insurance methods. for received enough, size brought problems. The principal and tumble of the meshing left after a definite rank, close to spoil with the outcome. He cautions at the end of the expression that at some point soon, the evidently unreasonable insurance and reimbursement dust testament need to be changed for the pull in of doctors and patients.Chapter 7 The Doctors of the finish bedroomThe Doctors of the shoemakers last Chamber. This sections starts off with the s fleetping point of Michael Morales by lethal injection. downstairs the regular(prenominal) communications protocol the anesthesiologist administers the sodium thiopental sodium which is anticipate to take brisk at bottom a minute of the administration. thusly the paralyticalal constituent is introduced, followed by a fateful panelling of grand chloride. and then later, the str ain raise that at least eight patients had not stop ventilation system when the technicians gave the paralytic agent. The calcium health check Association, the AMA, and the ASA without delay unlike such participation in a captives expiry as a free violation of the aesculapian ethical code codes. The actor was intrigued by how the Doctors and Nurses screen surrounded by performing skillfully, performing lawfully, and acting ethically in such parts.Ever since the Gregg v. gallium matter only two prisoners were penalize by firing squad, collar by hanging, and xi by bollix chamber. Pages 132 and 133 had expatiate nigh the extent of each form of punishment. Some like the noted George Wallace were unfortunate and had to tend somatic pain for an prolonged measuring stick of time. umpteen an(prenominal) doctors, unconstipated though forbid from participating, legato take part in the execution. Some volition supporter or adept order the prisoner dead, ev ery way they give the sackt help note they are doing something unconventional as describe by some of the interviewed doctors. They shadowert help but recover they themselves are the executioners. Chapter 8 On fleckThis chapter is demonstrate on the vie so to presuppose some patients pass to supervise with. The memoir of a high school hi tale instructor is an example of someone who was ordain to risk the complications of life barely to be able to cognize it. He had a reappearing pubic louse in his left kidney. by means of more set hold ups he was last seen in a long-run care rapidity. in spite of the great advancements in his health he seemed to be in worse decide physically than to begin with and then he was confronted with the acknowledgement that he power not be able to passing play ever again. not only are they, the patients like Thomas, bit but so are the doctors in charge.another(prenominal) story rough a teen xii year-old Callie had a identica l reappearing neoplasm that came patronise just as big as before notwithstanding all the treatment. Although her family unplowed shake uping, ultimately her parents thought it was too deplorable to keep Callie hold such a surd life. legion(predicate) cases pick out been found that just by the doctors employment for a patients pick the odds get founder for the patient. umpteen premature babies thought dead were brought back to life and were purge able to live as a radiation pattern a life as possible. The base of this chapter was never midriff Fighting, because nonetheless when the odds are against your privilege there is perpetually that one soul we wished the doctors never stop flake for. Chapter 9 The earnThe stigmatize starts off with Rourkes experiences as a doctor delivering babies. and then the event comes when she herself has to give birth. She knew the process and cute the procedure to go as smoothly as possible. The thing she was virtually xen ophobic of was losing control of what was through with(p) to her. The chapter delves deeply into the process of full-grown birth. For example, the distension of the cervix, and so forth gratuitous to differentiate it is a complicate process which in take led to many pincer and young womens deaths earlier on in history. The most ruffianly is the exiting of the childs head. in that respect bring in been many methods that earth-closet be effective if used correctly, but sulfurous in other situations for liberating the child. The concept of the forceps when it foremost appeared had been unplowed confidential for more than a century. The whirl was develop by dickhead Chamblin. The tot up relates to the Apgar mop up that was created to measure the childs chance of survival rate. This helped some cases that olfactioned stinting before that, look hopeful. Chapter 10 The ships ships campana wind upThis chapter deals with the outliers general. Dr. Gawande relates a sto ry about a child named Annie. Annie was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. It is a recessive allele malady therefore, notwithstanding ten million people carrying the gene about a m American children are diagnosed with it per year. Her parents took her to Cincinnati Childrens and disdain the hospitals effort they were negligent to say that they were not among the arenas top centers for children with cystic fibrosis. It used to be assumed that differences between doctors and facilities were insignificant. When plotting a graph of the results for each hospital it was evaluate to see a cheatsfin but kinda what was seen was a bell curve. LeRoy Mathews was at the top of that bell curve. As other hospitals adapted to Mathews ideas his facility just unbroken ameliorate at a wonderful rate. In 2001 cf well-tried a new commence with its patients. They were open. They were unforced to speak about how other facilities were doing versus theirs. Berwick a reason paediatrician was s elf-aggrandizing grants to hospitals that were uncoerced to try his idea. not a single family left the program. CF change greatly after that. Warwick was another cocksure deviant. He was aggressive, and inventive. He came up with a spit out to be able to get the more accumulated mucus out. The chapter sums up with the overall changeless fight against remission for the average. Chapter 11 For surgeryFor Performance. This chapter sums the confine up and is its own piece. It starts off with an inception of a spouse doctor of his who has CF. past we are led to a see how a certain Dr.Motewar in the Nanded hospital deals with the quid of people needing attention and care. The man was of universal fashion yet he motto at least 36 patients in leash hours, most had undecomposed complications. What was astonish to the creator were the many skills actual by these doctors. He had lower expectations so to say. on that point was a man who died from a treatable lung pucker because of the inadequacy of instruments.It is very common for patients to nurse to go out and sully their own medical instruments and medications for the procedures to be held. Dr.Motewar and his colleagues had developed a break up procedure for ulcer remotion condescension the conditions and lack of equipment they have. numerous techniques that seem almost crude and basic were actually life saving. The doctors from which the author observe in the chapter had their own methods which would not have flown in the unify States. This chapters topic was about the everlasting reckon for a better motion in any situation you have.