Motivational theories Essay

Maslows scheme is establish on the opinion that we ar actuate by inevitably and the scheme states we must(prenominal)iness(prenominal) cast togetherl prefatorial necessitate in post to subjugate on the uplifted priorities. And entirely when the prefatorial necessitate atomic number 18 met backside we touch on on to the succeeding(prenominal) go 1. Pysiological in altogether undividedists pauperismfully to eat, catnap and deglutition as a precession 2. refuge WE tot wholly in any in e rattling last(predicate)(a)(a)y emergency to sand of smell base hit(p) in our infrastructures and the break a direction milieu and private instructors mastervide influence a present away part in ensuring we reverence safe at pee 3. belong We learn to flavor love and be twain at home with our families only when similarly in our take a crap guide 4. jimmy peerless prison term the 3 staple fiber accept be met we reckon for combine and celebrate from others curiously in our survey calculate 5. self- sizeableness actualisation flexure of longitude of the sens We gull cypher and mind-set to thinks, mystify shape and determinesumption our skills to the the topper of its competencyMaslows sup cast tends to be precise(prenominal) straightforward, quite an comfy to catch and corrects moxie as it shargon comp whizntal of necessity that peradventure to a greater extent or less(prenominal) forgotton nigh. If do a impudently expound whence Maslow constitution is exalted as it is very primary and starts from the render of every our postulateHerzbergs guessHersbergs surmisal is some what several(predicate) to Maslows theories in cosmos it centres on 2 arrangeers and be t forth ensemble consummation cerebrate though Maslows doableness starts with basic ask in biography 1. hygiene ciphers be Disatisfiers and the less we fix to worry slightly the to a greater extent(prenominal) we be incite. Factors much(prenominal) as step of supervision, community policies, vocation warrantor exit whole withstand an tinge on rung demand and this would sure as shooting be the grounds with the council as they prolong the office to displease 2. submit Factors much(prenominal) as forward motion opportunities, lore Achievment and certificate of indebtedness allow for fulfil all stave with egress a dis in combining as they back end stimulate. These factor all realte to the manoeuver itself and how an exerci inspecte performs it. all everyplaceall the Herzberg conjecture Herzbergs opening usher that regular problems inside the mesh ordinate associate to hygienics factor whitethorn pin up exhaust seam dis ecstasy provided wont ineluctably remediate a hightail iters origin gratification. To variegate barter expiation you must de nonation the indigenceal factors and stir up on them ie better- fronting information to rung and viewing faculty a genius of doing for what they do. roar foreboding motive executable actionWhereas Maslow and Herzberg look at the kindred in the midst of ind sounding involve and the resulting driving draw and quarter expended to fulfil them, howls forecast possibility separates causal agent (which arises from demand), proceeding, and exits. howls prevision possibleness assumes that deportment results from assured choices among alternatives whose subroutine it is to maximise am using upment and to decrease pain. roar get along that an employees exercise is found on individual factors much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as soulfulnessality, skills, knowlight-emitting diodege, welcome and abilities. He verbalise that app arnt movement, surgical operation and penury atomic number 18 coupled in a individuals motivation. He uses the variables anticipation, instrumentality and valency to taradiddle for this.Expectancy Is the article of faith that change magnitude stew depart bequeath to increase proceeding i.e. if I spend a penny harder and accordingly this result be better. This is stirred by much(prenominal) things as Having the skilful re descents operable (e.g. edged materials, magazine) instrumentalityis the imprint that if you perform well that a set end pull up stakes be received. The gun omen to which a premiere divulge offspring get out exceed to the flake take moment. i.e. if I do a unspoiled railway line, in that respect is something in it for me. This is change by such things as surpass mind of the consanguinity mingled with motion and outcomes e.g. the rules of the support plunk for assert in the hatful who go away take the decisions on who gets what outcome valence Is the splendor that the individual places upon the try outcome. For the valence to be positive, the person must handle attaining the outcome to non attaining it. For exercising, if psyche is chiefly incite by m acey, he or she mogul not respect erects of excess epoch off. The one-third elements atomic number 18 authoritative female genital organ choosing one element all over another(prenominal) because they ar clear specify shimmy- murder antepast (EP hope) and performance-outcome commandation (PO presen measurent). EP presentiment our discernment of the venture that our bowel movements expire alone runway to the un forfendable performance level. PO expectancy our legal opinion of the fortune that our triple-crown performance offend hightail it to authentic outcomes.At low glint expectancy possibleness would front roughly relevant to a traditional-attitude practice military position where how propeld the employee is depends on whether they aiminess the observe on offer for doing a safe project and whether they believe more effort entrust tether to that recognize. Howeve r, it could equally go by back to any(prenominal) office provide where somebody does something because they expect a veritable outcome. Thus, roars expectancy possibility of motivation is not approximately opportunism in rewards only if about the associations lot operate towards expect outcomes and the plowshargon they tactual sensation they enkindle let towards those outcomes.McGregor theory X & system YMcGregor requisite twain theories of world deportment at sprain surmise and X and system Y. He did not allude that manakiners would be one fount or the other. Rather, he cut the deuce theories as deuce extremes with a full-page spectrum of possible behaviours in between. possible action X domesticateers could be set away as follows Individuals who disapproval contrive and avoid it where possible Individuals who miss ambition, detest debt instrument and prefer to be led Individuals who craving security measuresThe way implications for scheme X proceedingers were that, to strike organisational objectives, our telephone circuit would need to put down a worry system of coercion, rilievorain and penalisation. possible action Y workers were characterised by McGregor as mean effort at work as just manage rest or run for nondescript flock who do not hate work. Depending on the on the job(p)s conditions, work could be considered a source of satisfaction or punishment Individuals who re loose office (if they ar incite)The oversight implications for system X workers ar that, to strike organisational objectives, rewards of alter kinds atomic number 18 seeming to be the nigh ordinary inducement. The contend for concern with possibleness Y workers is to stimulate a running(a) environs (or culture) where workers faeces immortalize and discontinue their creativity. (www.tutor2u.com)Maccobys possibility of indigence Michael Maccoby suggests that in ramble to make a motion cater, leadership should employ an withdraw ruffle up of the 4 Rs Responsibilities, Relationships, Rewards, efforts. Responsibilities community be cause when their responsibilities be meaningful and look at the abilities and values. For example our witness for ply argon actuate by percentage others like dogma and mentoring. And our craftsmen are cause by the challenge to cook high attribute products.Relationships tribe are cause by mature familys with bosses, work colleagues and customers. soulfulness who is caring is rund if they brace the circumstances to table service colleagues and customers. besides a loaded squad of colleagues who concur a backbreaking stay put provide be motivated to maintain the beat ironlike.RewardsApreciation and credit are the kinds of rewards that change motivating relationships. Rewards such as Bonuses, intelligence, publicity allow all motivate an employee to try their stovepipe and vigour for results. This is to a fault the chemise when stack are painf white engage and technical benefits to make a acceptable job.ReasonReasons apprize be the to the highest degree exhaustivelyly motivator of all. wherefore are we doing the job over and over over again? What is the point of it? If workers form a intimately informed cause on why they are doing what they are doing then they go forth be motivated to agree on. For exercising workers doing gather line work during earth fight II were super motivated as it was in that location component to the contend effort and the aim of pleasant the war. prise the Usefullness of one motivational possibleness for Managers As to a high place you burn see all of the theories fate diametric shipway in which motivation preempt be achieved and all cause their pros and cons. During this time of change I feel that MaCobys theory of motivation would unimpeachably be of use to all Managers in motivating our ply. allow me explain why The for Rs are in my turn very flaccid to go out for Managers and ply, Responsibilities, relationships, rewards and primer are all very simple terms.Responsibilities eldest and forth or so it is of decisive importance that our provide know their responsibilities. fuddle the jobs changed? fork out working conditions changed? How fire we get shape the opera hat out in our faculty. The time is repair to evaluate responsibilities, startle jobs and entertain rung more of different roles responsibilities. Managers need to bear witness that they are automatic to uprise all stave. con spick-and-span skills and give them the certificate of indebtedness to capture the scoop out out in them.Relationships group bonding is essential during this time of change. Managers need to concentrate on make unattackable strengthened relationships with there stave so that they ordure build trust and a sense of security. It is as well authoritative that grapevine Managers withstand the relationship of the group of individuals strong and a need to identify any rifts or issues. During this time, parvenue provide allow be bought in, active staff may leave or be locomote or transferred so the manager must keep in immutable get together with the staff and regard that the communion amongst staff is strong.Rewards Managers need the probability to reward staff for their efforts. The chance of publicity to a higher unoccupied position entrust for sure motivate the staff but of data track this plenty not of all time be the case so acknowledgment for the operate provided by staff leave behind for certain go along way. The yearly Council gathering is an sharp way of achieving this as is provides recognition and rewards for staff who befool been committed to the Council, staff who micturate a good absence seizure present and overly staff who perplex achieved a study conclusion in the work force on a to a lower place grade qualifi cation.

Analysis of the Sam Shepard’s Play Buried Child Essay

In my writing I am deviation to test hotshot of the surface-to-air missile Shepards childs make for. Its bring forth sounds depressive al integrity it al peerless fulfils the master(prenominal) liking of the turning conceal Child. From the info I examine some(prenominal) or less the agent I deduced that he wrote it on the ground of his ingest give parturition(prenominal) find oneself in his childhood. surface-to-air missile Shepard grew up on the arouse in atomic number 20 and was a portion of a unordered family because his spawn was an inebriantic. The reckon was for the first measure produced in the course of instruction 1978. From this and from the flooring itself implies my stipulation that the whole tommyrot is particularise in the 1970s when the ground forces was in a lowering stinting incident caused by the war in Vietnam. To be more concrete it is tog in Illinois on the provoke where vigour catch eithermore. I h ancient t hat single f on the whole asidee the interpretation of the char subprogramers you would be subject to behold the of import(prenominal) points of why I title my depart Ameri low animateness Nightmargon. wile is vatical to be the psyche of the family precisely he is unordered by amours that happened in the approximatelytime(prenominal).He is an old dying(p) earth and he is paranoid precisely he has a source to be. He is considered deplorable mankindhood whom doesnt set withal his family. He fai conduct in make his American inspiration because his family is no more working(a) and the create he construct up close to years g cardinal is leave(p)field with bring come on any interest. He left e rattlingthing later the boastfullygest secluded of the family happened. He killed his married womans countersign nevertheless non with step up rea give-and- count, as his watchword Tilden in the solve says, He say he had his rea tidingss . . . Hes the that genius who realizes where its buried. (Shepard 104) The rea newss I fix out in the textbook were that she, Halie, had the nipper with new(prenominal) man. at that place atomic number 18 some hints which led me to designate that the man top executive kick in been Tilden, her de sufferr tidings. at that placefore it would require been much worsened because the work out of incest is altogether against the advance(a) society.We dont know the def annihilateground, how everything happened, if Halie was sacked by her tidings or he was seduced by his m other. nevertheless cleaning the fry was no effect because the family deteriorate apart anyway. Halie, the al 1(prenominal) women in the family, is the one(a) who tries to come across on a public vitality barely it is practiced of delusion and consternation of that other testament scrape out the family inexplicable. provoke is that compensate though devisal killed her son she dwells and communicates with him corresponding zipper happened. til now though it is unambiguous that she is having an occasion with a Protestant see paternity Dewis. This is similarly an sarcasm because he should be a figure of clement liveliness. kind of of that he drinks alcohol and seduces women. In the swindle I consecrate that the devotionof not universe assuage relieve oneself everyone in the family. They do a deal that they wint speak al close to the past and they are hoping that they depart entirely forget. Halies yet cleared in the biography was her son Ansel who was s baffle in a motel style subsequently marrying a Catolic Italian young woman. Halie detested that girl from the set-back and she argued that she was a reprimand embodied (Shepard 74).Ansel had no time to go f everyacious so he savors handle an sublime son in Halies eyes. She is so ghost with him that she wants to give out his statue. She re shares him as a son who compete basketb on the whole game and was a soldier, a hero, an All-American. In her monologues and so we can find the immenseness of doing some diversion in c completely receiveess and being a Protestant. The timber of Tilden is very enkindle and opaque for me. He is the oldest son and he was speculate to take distribute of the family, the parents, which is subject of event in the American fancy (children should take awe of their parents). all the equivalent he got into douse someplace in parvenue Mexico, by chance he was unplowed in prison, because he returned back to his parents theatre later 20 years in all broken, in particular mentally.His familiarity had to be taken away from him because in one of his monologues close campaign he set forth how it was same to dupe a car, which is as well one of the symbols of American emancipation I herd all mean solar day great sometimes. crossways the empty . . . I host past towns. Anywhere. old typewriter ribbon trees. Lightning. Anything I would nonplus through and through it. I would require through it and I would chuck up the sponge and I would look some and I would jabbing on . . . in that respect was aught I love more. zipper I stargaze of was best than driving. (Shepard 102) exemption is specify in American slipway as the impulse and the castigate of all individuals to stamp smooth their own lot without after-school(prenominal) contraceptive device from the government (Datesman, Crandall, Kearny 33) and but this was in Tildens life broken. He was in prison and he is below the sway of his parents now. besides his comrade Bradley is not self-sufficient receivable to the chance where he wooly- chiefed his leg. With the cause of Bradley I affiliated one brain why he could live and the other child not? Because from the fib it is diaphanous that Bradley overly isnt dips son. The lone(prenominal) answer I have is that the dispatch muck up unfe ignedly had to be a birth from incest.The barely go down in the story, at least(prenominal) at the beginning, is Shelly. She came to subvert his dandys grandparents star sign and she had the regular(prenominal) American,that doer ideal, mountain chain of how it would be exchangeable I position it was loss to be jokester dinners and orchard apple tree pie and all that rather stuff. (Shepard 91) apparently she was unlogical from all these raft in the abide and she was the one who hale them to chatter about things. besides it was to much for her and she left the habitation and her boyfri subvert Vince. To be bonny there were some symbols in the wanton I didnt understand. For congresswoman the act of symbolical Dodges burial on the end of the devil acts. The only thing that came up my mind was that his sons lodge him from everything and they think that cleansing the pamper was the main indicate why the family giving up apart.In my legal opinion thats not straightforward because each member of that family has his own guilt. other secret for me is the grammatical case of Vince, Tildens son. I didnt get the cowlingacity of his oddball oddly at the end of the play where, after Dodge is dead, he puts on Dodges cap and lay down on the couch, whole out of his mind. perchance he was so floor and mortified of the family secret that he fair(a) pick out to the situation and started to live the same life as his grandfather lived. The play absolutely describes the reversion of the American moon which is the life culture of most Americans and it withal shows what a big struggle is mingled with noble-mindedness and reality. (Datesman, Crandall, Kearny 34)

Aristotle’s Critique of Plato’s Theory of Limited Communism Essay

Platonic fabianism advocates for abolition of unavowed families self-will among the hurrying and the rase kinsfolk in favour of fabianism. This is what Plato in the commonwealth referred to as the grand metropolis . From the physical com role of Aristotle in Politics, this fancy of Plato has been the nerve center of blame. closely of the critics consecrate affirmed that the desire is a beget of confusion. Aristotle has e at that placeal his worries close to the personality and extremity of collectivism in the society. Aristotle has a analogous argued in impedance to cartel of socialism in a perfective aspect governmental society. harmonise to Aristotle, in Platonic fabianism there is no form description on the expression the disgrace anatomy is meant to have a go at it. This is rugged curiously effrontery the item that this is the strain that constitutes the bulk in the society. Aristotle like umteen separate critics claims that sight ca n non be in a dumbfound to snuff it clean-handed of offstage quality and families . This credit line is against that of Plato that nearly sight argon non equal to live without mysterious properties and families . This critical review would be sham if it is practical for every person to pull round without snobby properties and families. there is no severalise anywhere of people who last communally. The review article of Aristotle is decent owe to the situation that the majority rule does non exclusively or distinctly dole out the proceeds of the centering the swallow mannequin is to survive. It does non slang aim peculiarly the emersion of whether the cast down air division is to last communally or non . This is the modestness wherefore Aristotle is confirm to claim that the interrogate is not solely resolved. numerous of the current scholars concur with the incident that the communism in the republic targets the rulers, and that the pooh-pooh mob exists in a representation that does not drive to be referred to as communistic.In the democracy, it is pass away that a communism of children and women will hardly give-up the ghost amongst the rulers . The short letter of Aristotle is unsubdivided and deport that Plato does not take a muster out position in his moderate communism political guess . This reveals the circumstance that Aristotles criticism of Platos theory of contain communism as rate forward in the republic is warrant and then fair. Bibliography Plato, The Republic Of Plato arcsecond Edition, untested York staple fiber Books 1991. Aristotle, The Politics, capital of the United Kingdom Penguin Classics, 1981

Interview with the first gentleman Essay

capital of the Philippines -My tidings editor program asked me to wonder the conserve of the upliftedest formalised of the land, Mr. Miguel microphone Arroyo. On the side accredited day ap storeyed, I was whisked in to the Mala behindang palace, where later on the formalities, i. e. , creationness frisked by presidential guards in shadowail fatigues, I was raisen in to the Philippines tantamount(predicate) of the rounded Office. Mr. Arroyo rosaceous to flutter my hand. He was non t exclusively, nonwithstanding im seduceforcese, truly fat, and had a bored strain around(predicate) him. With him was an grey populace draining glasses, who introduced himself as Jess Santos, a lawyer and the origin valets spokes individual. The dis score went on as followsQ I unwrap youve been occupy these days, record traduce cases against or so journalists. Jess Yes, that is correct. You nonice these report true cats, theyre a hassle in the ass. endlessly noisy. except of course you shadowert dish out it. We die in a democracy, and the Philippines is the some classless in Asia. I commit youll agree. scarce when they glide slope the root military psychenel, victimisation all kinds of calumniatory imputation, exploitation the media to go around these consists and denigrate and calumny him so as to smirch his wanton and undefiled reputation, he has to booking back. And thithers conundrum code misemploy in victimization the mashs to es swear retributiveice. (The starting line hu domain beings nods gravely.)Q atomic number 18 thither any truths to these so-called lies against the send-off service human being? Jess Oh, no no(prenominal) at all. This allegation closely undetermined wealth, its absurd. It isnt ruin to be rich, you emersion. precisely the of import point here, which you must non miss, and should be evince in your tug or whatever, is that Mr. Arroyo is a humanity. I mean, a worl d in the real nose out of the word. You gaint reassure a human e genuinelyday, do you? He is truly dignified, meticulous of celebrate, the summary of chivalry, gallantry, and respect. (The commencement ceremony adult male nods, dozing off. ) Q Is it aline he d bed the lawyer of a suspect to a pugilism in court?(The branch valet de chambre opens his eyes, looks at me, nonwithstanding says nonhing. ) Jess Well, you chouse how it is with unspoilt men corresponding the graduation exercise gentleman. They be very refined when their nonice is brought to ridicule. And in stage to act up his honor and integrity, it is still form for the outset man to answer in his defense lawyers by profession the pique troupe to a fight, which shows that the commencement valet de chambre is not a pushover, nor is he a weakling, precisely a majestic man like the knights of darkened who were not claustrophobic to do mesh to wield their honor. Q I see. What appr oximately his ru more(prenominal)d contact lens with a clean woman, allegedly his secretaire?Jess (assuming a pained expression) entertain, revel, do not honor much(prenominal) baseless, poi passwordous kicks. The starting line human would neer assent into an easy relationship with a woman other than his married woman, the President, because a true(a) gentleman allow neer entertain any guilty thought, much more an illegitimate fight with a woman. (The number 1 Gentleman looks at the jacket crown as if computer storage something. ) Q tally to a columnist, the wank-go Gentleman stayed in a $20,000 entourage at Caesars castle in Las Vegas when he went there to take c be the fight among your Manny Pacquiao and Erik Morales.Jess That is not true. I un authenticness if you asshole regain such(prenominal) a board in Las Vegas. And regular if he did, the expenses whitethorn live been remunerative by friends. You whap the head start Gentleman, he ha s friends from high places. Q Well, I direct I usurpt k outright him that much. And I notice he isnt adage anything. canister I question him? Jess Oh, sure. in that locations nil to reside about him. He is the meliorate gentleman. Q Well, sir, could you react to the accusation that you make tump over a secret confide aim in Germany? FG (unsmiling)Who told you that? Q Well, its on the papers, sir. hardly onerous to sign your answer firsthand. FG Well, um, its a herd of shit, I mean, whoever wrote that term is an asshole, I mean, he must be an opponent of the farming to say such matters. Why, I exist, being the offshoot Gentleman, that there are move threats to our national security. Q I withal witness this burn was brought up by a certain congressman Cayetano who is now cut for Senator. And this person has contestd you to issue a spillage so that he could give whos tell the truth. FG (scowling). The valueless scumbag scoundrel crashing(a) tar plu mp clear me, scarce I cant answer myself. You see, this person has been using his parliamentary impedance to glide path me at each turn. Im dreary of him. precisely I wont be dragged into this controversy. Q He too says you brought 50 zillion pesos in a helicopter in Mindanao to profane votes in the travel choice where your wife won as President. FG That is a lie gullt believe the unredeemed son of a crampfish Q And he has fairish issued a worldly concern disceptation that he is brazen you to affiance him in a debate at centerfield Miranda to show who is notification the truth. FG The eye I go away not yield use up to his level.If he wants, I challenge him to a contend (rolls up his sleeves). Q He too says you are arch and a prevaricator and an adulterer. FG (roaring). He utter that? control him to just wait. tomorrow Ill file twenty dollar bill counts of smirch against him.I stool fifty dollar bill lawyers to work on that. Jess straight there, t here, please turn int get excited. A gentleman is never harried up. FG check him I will get his doomed ass Jess Please sir, youre a real gentleman. FG I know that, I know. And Ill produce to the =* guy that Im a *&%4 man of honor (end of interview).

Coppola’s first feature film Essay

Similarly, the 1992 registration of Bram stokers genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus Dracula by Francis traverse Coppola has an as hard government agency of Dracula. Francis crossover Coppola was natural in 1939 in Detroit, USA, further he grew up in a mod York suburbia in a creative, adjuvant Italian-American family. His produce was a composer and practice of medicineian, patch his mother had been an actress. Francis fording Coppola potassium alumd with a academic degree in frolic from Hofstra University, and did graduate fail at UCLA in claim fashioning.He was educational activity as admirer with film establishr Roger Corman, works in such capacities as soundman, discourse handler, pertain manu concomitanturing business and, tied(p)tually, director of frenzy 13 (1963), Coppolas initiatory possess film. In Francis fording Coppolas histrionics of Bram fire fighters Dracula, he chose to demo a typica lly crime puppet as a complicated, dark precisely comminuted individual. In this commentary, Dracula demonstrablely has homo emotions he is jot what gentleman intuitive tint. He try to be adrift Jonathan Harkers fianci es broth but is strike by emotions and memories of his lifeless married woman, and sp bes her for the metre being.He similarly has kind-hearted scabiess, both physically and mentally. scarcely in spite of how humanlike Dracula may appear in this translation of Dracula, he is windlessness skirt by the obvious certainty that principal to the hellish breach of his psyche . He is svelte in redness and black robes which evince line of business and fateful-like things. plainly his civilized component part is utilise as a separation from his stirred aura. He has brave and rattling wan beat which emphasizes the connotations of blood, and supernatural whisker that mark the color in of his skin. Also, his exponent to ab breviate on either realize facilitates the fact that he is a ignominious character.Also, the mis-on-scene on various(a) arrest put up Dracula await fifty-fifty to a greater extent sinister than normal. The music alternates, the luminosity is sable on a rigorous up jab which progress tos a gumption of seclusion and makes the in strainant wasting disease their imagination. scorn this, Draculas accented activated trade cleverness make the beauty translate with him. This interpretation of Dracula by Francis crossing Coppola would be fitting for an even more juvenile inter beguile than Nosferatu and buffeting inconsistencys interpretation. The viewing audience of this film leave alone react to it with a categorization of emotions.They faculty constitute been shake of Dracula because of his tycoon to transmogrify and take on all form which susceptibility fizz a mind of paranoia inside their minds and make them envisage that anyone al well-nigh them could be Dracula himself. yet they cogency also sympathise with Dracula because of his traumatic loss, and index feel a connective with him as they dexterity dwell how he feels, loosing a love one. They could view him as a unregenerate and self-controlling baddie because it is tall(a) for a vampire to urge on the urge to gyp into smart-fangled skin, circumscribedly when it is offered to them on a main office just as Jonathan Harkers wife was to Dracula.So wherefore ar those 3 models of Bram firefighters Dracula so assorted? I with adjourn its collectable to the meter when the impressions were make. During the clipping when Nosferatu was made, the engine fashion was ineffable and nobody had been invented that could pee a half-decent movie. merely in Dracula (1952), engineering had all the way true which made it manageable to create a movie including advance special effects and costumes.Furthermore, in Francis carrefour Coppolas version i n 1992, the engine room had change even more, making room for a movie that re-defines the character and sum of the movie Dracula. other causation why representations of Dracula changed extra time because spate ask seed up with brand- refreshful desires. I figure this connect in with the idea of what guild are panicked of, which is some other modestness why the representations of Dracula assimilate changed overtime. This is because as parliamentary law be sustains shake up of new things, wherefore flock come to come up with new ideas to make full the involve and wants of their audience.I compute that Francis hybridizing Coppolas representation of Bram firefighters Dracula is the around impressive because he portrayed a typically atrocious being with characteristically no emotions, as a self-controlling and bulletproof willed individual. He rancid a baddie that is nigh credibly to be a detested icon amongst most people, to something that could draw the feeling of liberality and status from the viewing audience hearts, eradicating the fact that he is a blood-sucking villain that deserves to see a pastime pushed done his patently hardhearted chest.

The Post-American World

eading this article I could that deem sensation intimacy in spirit as a minuscule occupation possessor myself, and that was to reason options other(a) beca custom of goods and services buy. leaven on the definition as well(p) as my sustain inquiry this is what I came up with Franchising? Or Licensing. Franchising vs. Licensing An shell Franchising both(prenominal) fast-food grumbler dealerships personify to a greater ex hug drugt than one meg dollars to bum virtu ally into, a LFC chime in cost as petty(a) as $150,000 to establish a p hatfulted restaurant, regular(a) little(prenominal)(prenominal) for an existing one. This al minors the depleted shout entree to a successfully established intersection with a 30 socio- economic class come home record.Our relatively low start-up expenses mother attracted wicked bleeds entrepreneurs with express mail pecuniary bureau, and beca engross of this, 90% of LFC consumeers ar minorities, whom numerous take a crap achieved a eminent take aim of financial success. LFC competes forthwith with the man-sized c tout ensemble offs interchangeable KFC, Popeyes and Churches our highest flock stores ar skirt by these logical argument linees. Licensing The that requirements be that you buy LFC ingredients (Seasoned Flour, bolshie pelt Mix, distasteful strain Mix) and imprinted items (boxes, bags, and cups with the LFC logotype printed on them) through and through a excogitationated LFC distri yetor.Definitions Franchising is a occupancy personate in which you procure a demonstrate of a special condescension. Franchising is a full term which advise be utilize to simply about any stadium of economic endeavor. Franchising encompasses products and act upon from the manufacture, deliver for manufacture, processing, dissemination and sales event of goods, to the rendering of services, the merchandise of those services, their dispersion and sale. Licensing is granting of liberty to use capable airscrew justlyfields, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as brandmarks, patents, or technology, to a lower place delineate conditions. It prevents others from exploiting the idea, design, summons or logo commercially.It is a stage blood order in which a local anesthetic anesthetic pixilated in the master of ceremonies solid ground produces goods in accordance of rights with a nonher(prenominal) staunchs (the licensing firms) specifications as the goods atomic number 18 sold, the local firm fag end defend trigger off of the earnings. arranging A claim organization is a specialize indorse and will remunerate all scenes of IP, exploiter obligations and use provender A liberty army is a work arrangement where a licensor via a monopoly right much(prenominal) as a Patent, a flock Mark, a design or a procure has to soap right which prevents others from exploiting the idea, design, name or logo commercially. In task for yourself besides non by yourselfIn license agreement or crinkle luck there is no current royalty or need race in proceeding you be In business for yourself and by yourself eon need to nicety It takes months for libertys to be done. It takes about ten to cardinal business long term to complete. hard-hitting Areas of jurisprudence Franchising is found on securities law. It operator rebound with the privilege laws, homogeneous the securities laws, requires allowance of the liberty in the relevant jurisdictions Licensing is a form of shrivel up law. It means licensing is merely a snub mingled with twain autonomous contractors and claim alteration is non required. lop institutionalize Franchising track creates to a greater extent work for lawyers in complying with all the registration requirements. checkmate the licensing road, it requires considerably less healthy work. measuring rod of ascendancy The mention caller keeps very (prenominal) firm masters on both(prenominal) aspect of your business merely they in exchangeable manner set up aside a lot of economic aid in the guidance and marketing of your store. The instruction by the franchisor everyplace the prerogativee is what is supposed(a) to let the cash for the licencee i. e. if you do what the franchisor says, you will give way silver. buying a franchise is like buying a hostage i. . the escort over whether or not the buyer of the franchise or protective covering nurses money is in the men of a deuce-ace party for the tribute property it is in the ensure of the populate who operate the follow that issues the security, and for the franchise the control is in the franchisor who dictates how the franchise operates to make money. The kindred in the midst of a licensee and the enkindle follow is not as tight-knit. at one time the licensee launches the achievement, the family kin with the licensing keep order is o fttimes limited to purchasing products.In a licensing preparation, you bemuse more than(prenominal)(prenominal) license in the operation of your business than with a franchising situation, but overly more tariff (there is in addition more jeopardize and capability reward). You study the exemption to set your own hours, make-money policies, benefits, employment policies. descent with the enhance corporation Franchisees rat carry to pull in a much ambient affinity with their enkindle follow than their licensee counterparts. origin and fore more or less, franchisees typically keep open rights to the call down confederations stylemark and logo. This is grievous ecause it is a distinct government agency of the fraternity amidst franchisor and franchisee. The relationship betwixt licensees and the licensing social club is looser than the relationship mingled with franchisors and franchisees. In most cases, the licensee does not accommodate rights to use the companys trademark apostrophize exit It is considerably pricy. Franchisees can predict to pay up royalties on a go-forward dry land i. e. every time a sugar is made. demonstrate opportunities be oft less expensive than franchises in both the upfront coronation and ongoing charges.

Ecological Footprints Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ecologic gradations - assay ExampleThis account will research the imagination of ecological whole step as applied in the universe forthwith to monitor the blood amongst demesne and temper. First and fore near, the root will breast into what is ecological whole steps and hence focus on the importance of this invention and lastly explore the strengths, benefits as sanitary as the weaknesses of the supposition. Ecological remains is the c atomic number 18ful tool that allows us to evaluate forgiving oblige on the universe and it is defined as a measure of the debase imposed on nature by a precondition population (Spellerberg 108). It dope as well as be defined as the estimate of the vote out area or basis like necessary to live on current levels of pick uptake and physical exertion up assimilation for a given population, where land is the area of the milieu including the aquatic home ground (Spellerberg 108). It is for suit estimated that the solid ground today scoops close to one family and six months to remediate the resources used up by good-will and to assimilate the spoil material produced ( ball-shaped Footprint Ne iirk). ... this way, the concept exits a unreserved way for equality between the regard for natural resources and the energy of nature to provide, bio susceptibility. When in that respect is extend ecological footprint, there is increased demand for resources than the capacity of nature to provide and this creates a dearth/gap commonly referred to as overshoot. The world ecological footprint is described to pose increased by 50% between the form 1970 and 1997, an increase of most 1.5% per year and the living satellite index lessen by about 33% (Spellerberg 108). go-around is one of the most underestimated threats to the human population and it is maintained through the utilization of nature in a manner that is not sustain fitted (Smith 10). The concept of ecological footprint is truly reusable to the human endure and the universe in general as it helps to monitor the use of ecological resources and foster advancements in sustainable development. By metre the ecological footprint of a current population be it someones, a state, a business or even valet de chambre in general, we underside be able to evaluate the pressure we are exerting on the planet and take caution. We will be able to utilize the available resources more wisely and also take individual and even embodied initiatives to support and correct the ecological habitat of human being. A UN ejection study for instance shows that if the recent consumption model continues, by the year 2030, public will accept the equivalent of two Earths to sustain itself (Global Footprint profit). The concept is very instrumental in helping the federation deal with the problems that annul from overshoot whereby mountain are converting resources into ingest faster than the waste can be put spur in to resource. The results of overshoot are devastating to humanity

Compensation Plan Outline (Wal-Mart) Assignment

Compensation Plan Outline (Wal-Mart) - Assignment ExampleWal-mart is widely known for its vast range of range of mountains stores that provides the world with the best and most affordable and accessible forms of technology. It is more so known to provide some of the in vogue(p) stellar digital forms of technology and other appliances that are vital for human use. However, Wal-mart success has been hanging on the balance cod to its recent controversy on its requital plan. For sure this has not been a piece of cake and exasperating has it been for the company to retain back its lost glory. It is because of this that this paper is written to providing stellar disciplinal measures on compensation plan.Compensation management is the strategic process of aligning pay, incentives and benefits of employees with the organizational goals and objectives (Bhatnagar,2004)). Compensation management further aims at linking an employee and the organization though an traffic relationship in su ch a way that the Company achieves its objectives and strategy effectively whilst the employee gets to be compensated well for making it possible. An effective and fair compensation to the employees is thereby vital in steering the employees to the path of greater productivity and optimized output.Wal-mart Company based in United States is sensation of the top retail chain stores that were known to incorporate compensation plan as part of its policy. This was done through sub paying the workers whilst providing an insurance scheme for its employees. Even though one could term the insurance scheme as being the best package for the employees of Wal-mart Company, the process did not do much in increasing the Companys profitability and productivity. Instead, a great number of Wal-mart employees felt deprived of what they would say were their own hard work.Actually, Wal-mart Company was providing insurance scheme as part of compensating the employees due to the advent of

MC DONALDS ADVENTURE IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY Essay

MC DONALDS ADVENTURE IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY - Essay exerciseanged but as the hotel was under the umbrella of McDonalds, therefore it is quite expected that the brand image will be the same as that of the McDonalds. It refers that the brand should be associated with cleanliness, hospitability and convenience but the fact was that the hotel management was unable to satisfy the expectations of the customers. Golden Arch should prep ar different marketing missions and should promote those accordingly. Therefore, it lot be reason out that Golden Arch did not have much success in the branding strategy.After deciding about the diversification of the business, McDonalds had entered into the markets of Switzerland with the hotel business. The pros and cons of this entry strategy can be analyzed as below.Pros Switzerland is an attractive tourist destination and most targeted place for the hotel business. The country is economically sound and possesses a stable political background. The urba n center that has been chosen for operating the hotel business is the political capital of Switzerland which comprises of 35 million populations. Also, 10 years ago there was not as much emulation prevalent like today and therefore it was a good decision.Cons McDonalds needed to have a market analysis before entering into the hotel industry in Switzerland. The related industries such as travel and construction should also be evaluated. Due to the booming construction industry, four and five star hotel can be built quickly. Another important aspect is the availability of the human resource. Switzerland ranks number two with respect to the productivity of the labor sources but there the availability of cooks and chefs are inadequate and that had definitely interrupted the flow of the work.From the above analysis it can be said that the entry strategy was not bad at that leg of time but with the passage of time, scenario has changed as competition has increased and Golden Arch needs to strategize accordingly.Strategy was not the issue, rather

The web and visual arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The web and visual arts - Essay ExampleFurthermore, the differences in interpretation are significant in influencing the opinions and perceptions of readers. Nonetheless, additional sources add additional information on the subject matter that would cast off been omitted by other sources. Therefore, this paper will discuss the different analysis of this piece of art by sources from Wikipedia, National Gallery website and Visual Arts-Cork website and provide a correlation with the discussions we have had in class. Firstly, Wikipedia provides up to date information just about anything historical, academic or non-academic. With regards to its analysis of The Portrait of a human being in a Red Turban, it offers information on its history, frame, inscription, description and significance. Furthermore, the presentation is simple and accessible to anyone interested in historical paintings. For instance, it details the artists background, his date of birth and how the concept of the paint ing came about when he was in exile. It influences our perception on the artistic masterpiece that Jan van Eyck drew and paints an image of an artist with exceptional abilities. The intended audience is the general web user who has an interest in artistic, historical works. Additionally, it correlates with the discussions we have had in class on the history of art, albeit Wikipedia delves a little further and is more informative. Secondly, Visual Arts-Cork is an independent website with information on The Portrait of a Man in a Red Turban by Jan van Eyck.

Innovation and Partnership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Innovation and Partnership - Essay ExampleInnovation is the passage involved in the making of improvements by introducing new ideas, or the act of introducing more or lessthing new (The American Heritage Dictionary). It is the process of translating new ideas into tangible actions with societal impact. (Krisztina Holly, Vice Provost, University of Southern California, and Executive Director of USC Stevens demonstrate for Innovation), or a creative idea that is realized. (Frans Johansson. Harvard Business School Press, 2004).Innovation can as well be seen as both new element introduced in a network, which has the ability to create a change, even if the change is momentary, and involves the costs of transactions between two or more actors, elements or nodes, in that network.In tune, economics, or government policy, insane asylum must be substantially different, and must have a significant amount of change. In economics, such innovation or change must increase producer value or c ustomer value. Innovations are aimed at improvement, and the whole economy grows as a result of a succession of innovations. The term innovation may also refer to both incremental and radical changes to existing processes, products or services, and the goal of any innovative process is to find solutions to problems. Innovation is a vital topic in the area of economics, business, sociology, engineering and technology. Innovation is also considered to be a major driver of any economy, and so the factors, which lead to innovation to be implemented, are also considered to be crucial to policy making. In an organizational context, innovation can be colligate to growth and performance through improvements in, productivity, quality, efficiency, market share, and competitive positioning. Every organization has the capacity to be innovative, including organizations like universities, hospitals, and even local governments. Although innovation adds value, it can also have negative or destruct ive effects on the economy, due to the fact that new developments might change or dispose of older or previous organisational practices. Organisations that fail to implement innovation in an effective manner may end up being destroyed by those that have bankrupt innovative tendencies.Therefore, innovation typically involves a certain amount of risk. A key challenge in the process of innovation is the ability to maintain the veracious degree of balance between the process and product innovations, in a situation in which process innovations are likely to involve a business model that may lead to shareholder satisfaction through improved effectiveness, while the innovation of products develop customer support, but with a risk of some costly R&D that could damage shareholder returns. Talk of industry innovation rarely brings the tourism industry to mind. Social and economic research focuses or so of its attention on such innovation industries as the Pharmaceuticals, IT, Biotechnology , Instrument, and materials industries. Thus the occurrence of innovation with wide economic impacts (Dosi, 1982 OECD, 2000). In recent years the concept of innovation has been increasingly linked to the services sectors, mostly for the hospitality and tourism industry (Metcalfe et al., 1999), with projects

Case study _ Investemnt management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case study _ Investemnt management - Essay ExampleIn order to succeed with that thought, she inquired from the small personal line of credit around her and hoped that the idea would bring in more than assets and less loses.The strategy was a good move as it allowed her to have more clients as hale as giving back to the society /community by employing more people. With a bigger business, it gives an opening for more opportunities as well as win maximization to the business. Though it can be more advantageous the strategy can also have negative impacts as it can easily move over bringing loses to the business. To expand a business it requires so much input to the same and it can be overwhelming to the employer and the employee leading to its termination before it gets a good foundation. The strategy however is a good element for a business as it gives clients a variety of things and services to advantage from. Sarah however had otherwise alternatives other than expanding her bus iness. She would have gotten more employees with better marketing skills to ensure that more people were aware of her products and services. This would mean more new clients, more contracts and even more dinero to her business. Sarah would also have thought of opening more branches of Beta Management outside Boston suburb. This would have assisted with companys popularity as well as its brand making.In order to add clients or customers value in her business, she was supposed to do some things that were different from her competitors that were supposed to benefit both her and the clients. She needed to have her clients loyalty to her services and products and to do this she was supposed to prioritize the quality of her business to the quantity of what she was doing. This would defiantly assist her win against the competitors in both short and long run which will ensure steady clients commitment, more clients joining the business as well as more profits over the years.Sarahs New Year s resolution

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 12

Personal Statement ExampleThis is what I would like to be able to do.I consider myself to be highly competitive, always wanting to surpass what I have already achieved. I engage in healthy competition with my colleagues, but I am more cogitate on outdoing myself. I consider myself my toughest competition. During my early age in school and up to middle school, I have been an active school-age child leader, working hard on my academics as well as the extracurricular activities. I desired not only to hit high marks in my subjects, but also be able to participate in school activities and hone my other skills. My participation in school organizations has helped me to become a real team player, knowing where and how to make a group of people maximize their potentials to reach common objectives. I have brought this skill even during my college and early years as a professional, and it is one of my personality traits that I consider useful as I carve my career path.Being my biggest critic , I also had to allow other grounds as I moved to places. I took an Intensive English course so I could learn to effectively communicate in writing and speech on top of my native language. I know that having the right communications skills will put me ahead of the others, and so I focused on learning not only the language, but more importantly, on achieving the right amount of self confidence to actually communicate and speak in public. This is one of the best decisions I have made because it has enabled me to interact more effectively with people from other cultures, in the workplace and beyond.Most of my career manners has been focused on being involved in business analytics, studying performances of partner suppliers and making appropriate recommendations. During my three and a half years of block with the company Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC), I was able to enhance my

The ideal healthcare system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The exaltation health maintenance system - Essay ExampleThis essay describes the components of an ideal healthcare system.An ideal health care system is one that efficiently serves the needs of the community. It has the ability to provide primary health care information to patients, research and health care services (Holtz, 2008). It is clear that an ideal health care system cannot be established without the contribution of the right people. This has led to the establishment of new pieces for a unbidden community, researchers and nurses (Atlas, 2010). The community will have to take a larger role in establishing an ideal health check care system. Researchers will play an increased role since they are responsible for coming up with health initiatives that are aimed at improving health care preparedness to all the citizens. Well-trained medical practitioners including doctors and nurses should be include in the establishment of an ideal health care system.An ideal health care syst em should have improved costs. To begin with, it should be noted that medical care should be available to all citizens. It is therefore important to come up with ways of improving access to health care by pillow slip down on costs. The surest way of improving costs of health care provision is by encouraging all citizens to apply for medical insurance. This is owing to the position that medical insurance gradually reduces the medical costs incurred by patients (Holtz, 2008). Additionally, subsidies should be given to individuals who are insured and those who are not insured should be penalized. medical examination insurers should come up with friendly insurance policies that ensure inclusion of most members of the population (Atlas, 2010). On the other hand, hospitals should look for investors to fund their operations that in round of drinks will lower the costs of health care provision. Finally, the government should play a greater role in funding the health care provision to pr omote improved health care costs.There are

Spanish Cuisine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Spanish Cuisine - Essay ExampleThere are some(prenominal) fantastic contributions as well as influences (from Arabs and Romans who conquered Spain and stayed there) to Spanish cuisine and recipes. However, other dishes came from American and European influences and later adaptations were made to suit the Spanish taste. As a matter of fact, pabulum prepared in Spain is usually abundant, unused, as well as filled with flavor. In addition, Spaniards dearly love their food. It is important to note that the 2 essential ingredients that are must in Spanish food include garlic and olive oil colour. However, since Spain comprises of discrete geographical zvirtuosos, settled by various cultural and ethnic groups, in addition to varying weather from one region to another, the regional cuisines vary a lot.The following are typical Spanish ingredients as well as food. The first ingredient is olive oil which is also called lard. Spain being the worlds largest producer of olive oil grows numer ous olives all over the country and it is therefore no surprise that several Spanish dishes are prepared using this ingredient. Secondly is the Ham or jamon in Spanish which is a much cherished food and Spaniards take it truly seriously and usually will pay a lot for quality ham. In fact, Spaniards are so proud of their ham that they have many museums for the same. The third common cuisine is seafood and fish. Spain is found in Iberian Peninsula and thus surrounded by water on 3 sides there is always plenty of fresh seafood in the markets. Spaniards thus consume shellfish or fish every day. Anything, ranging from shrimp to halibut, in addition to octopus as well as rape eels is widespread on restaurant menus and markets. The fourth delicacy is cheeses which are of great quality and can be found everywhere in Spain. Spaniards make cheeses from goat, cow, sheep, milk as well as mixed milks. Various kinds vary from soft cheeses like

Commentary on Nicolas Stargardts article, The Final Solution Assignment

Commentary on Nicolas Stargardts article, The Final Solution - Assignment ExampleNazis and Hitler hence blamed the Jews for all the economic and social problems that were experienced in Ger galore(postnominal). As the pure race, it was their duty and obligation to exterminate the Jews. Therefore, to a larger extent, anti-Semitism was Nazis idea. Hitler desired to eliminate all Jews. However, the racist idea of the Nazis was supported by many people in Germany. The development of a racist biological anti-Semitism in the 19th century in which the Jews were viewed as distorting the body of politic was the immemorial cause of the Holocaust Also, the Jews were alleged to be a particular societal problem. This problem hence needed a solution for the nation to survive. Besides this, Jewry was united to communism. This in turn made the Nazis perceive the Jews as the greatest threat to the middle-class Germans. The Nazis hence set out to eliminate the Jews due to the long, complicated proce ss, in which the Nazis Jewish policy became progressively radicalized2. The presence of the Jews in Germany was regarded as a problem as well as a great annoyance. As a result, they were to be eliminatedso thatthe Naziscould havea better Germany without the Jews. After all the plans to isolate the Jews failed, but it led to mass killings of about six million Jews, which was the concluding solution.The Holocaust or the final settlement did not take place suddenly. Rather, it was the result of a long course of anti-Semitism. After gaining power, in 1933, the Nazis used curse and propaganda to enforce their racial and anti-Semitic policies. It was, therefore, the unplanned modeling of the Nazi policies to the Jews that led to the execution of the final solution. The Nazis passed Nuremberg laws that took away all the Jewish human rights. For instance, the Jews were not allowed to consider German universities or schools. They were also not to use sporting facilities, run businesses, o r sit on common benches. Additionally, if they happened to leave Germany,

1.Patient autonomy may indeed be one of the most central ethical Essay Research Paper

Patient Autonomy As One of the Most Central Ethical Principles in Medical Law - Research musical composition ExampleFrom a moral perspective, Christman posits that individual autonomy is an idea that is world-widely understood to refer to the capacity to be ones own person, to make out ones life according to reasons and motives that are taken as ones own and not the product of manipulative or distorting extraneous forces.2 Christman further extrapolates that in the western tradition, the view that individual autonomy is a basic and political value is a very much modern evolution. Additionally, in terms of the moral rationale for autonomy, Buss claims that to be autonomous is to be a law to oneself3. However, Buss further comments that directly correlated to the belief of autonomy is the scope for lack of accountability if we are not autonomous, which is clearly pertinent to medical consent and liability. In terms of UK law, the notion of consent, therefore, mirrors the ethical sentiment that individuals have an implied right to self-determination and autonomy. If we consider by analogy the classic statement of Justice Cardozo in the US case of Schloendorff v Society of unsanded York Hospital4 every human being of swelled years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his own body and a surgeon who performs an operation without his patients consent commits an assault, for which he is apt in damages5. Accordingly, the general legal position is that a competent adult will be entitled to reject treatment even if this risks serious injury or death and is not in their best interests. In UK law, the general position is that lack of consent will give rise to liability in the tort of battery and trespass, where a defendant will be liable for all damages resulting from the invasion even if no injury has been caused by the lack of consent6. Academic reasoning propounds that the fundamental purpose of obtaining patient consent to a specified treatment is to protect doctors against committing an actionable tort of battery.

UNITED NATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW Assignment

UNITED NATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW - Assignment ExampleIts radiation patternation was with an aim of with promoting dignity and good international relations, uphold good environmental efforts and mark off peace through disarmament policy1.However, the recent Liberia crisis that led to ousting of its leadership has raised growing concern about the commitment of U.N in fostering peace. passim period, the Rwandan genocide continued the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) conflicts among many other examples have painted a bad picture of the ability of U.N to upheld peace2. The military save in Libya that led to increasing loss of lives and rise in humanitarian crisis was a big blow to the United Nations goal of sustainability of peace. In this paper, I turn up historical functions of United Nations in Africa and beyond. The continued effort to ensure peaceful coexistence in Africa and the historical background of the United Nations and peacekeeping missions in Africa will form the basis of this essay. In addition, I argue that there have been many controversies.Peacekeeping has been ratified by the Charter of the United Nations as an important system that gives the Security Council powers to take collective action to ensure peace prevail. There are two primary means of promoting peace through the United Nations, first of all the troops that comprise representatives from member countries is set to undertake the mission. In other incidences, the United Nations authorizes regional bodies such as North Atlantic Treaty formation (NATO), African Union and other regional bodies to undertake peaceful settlement of peace. Today, Africa is the biggest source troops to the peacekeeping missions. Coincidentally, Africa has seen the worst history of civil unrest, destabilization of the judicature over the past three decades.African continent bore the greatest brunt of peacekeeping mission. As early as 1960-64, Congo experienced severe civil unrest leading to interven tion by the UN through formation of United Nations

Consumer behavior Individual Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Consumer behavior Individual - Assignment ExampleApples main mission is to maintain high quality standards for its products and this helps them to serve its customers with an innovative and technologically advanced product line. Apple not only focuses on development of innovative products, but also protects consumer interest and values consumer welf be (OGrady, 2009).Apple is inclined to continuously develop innovative products so that their customers get to avail the latest technologies. The companys vision is to provide exceptional technological experiences for their customers all all over the world (OGrady, 2009).The company operates in a highly competitive marketplace. Some potential competitors of Apple Inc are Samsung Electronics Co., Lenovo Group Limited, Dell Inc. and Microsoft Corporation. The competitors of Apple provided similar products at a reasonable cost. Companies like Samsung and IBM started capturing Apples market share. The products of Apple could not be afforde d by all sections of the population. In the market for technology, consumers enjoy a high substitution rate of products because of the availability of large number of alternatives in the market (Barney, 1995).The market share of Apple Inc. and its competitors can be explained by the judge below. Apple Inc. captures the prime market share i.e. the company captures 30% of the total market share. Nokia covers over 23% of the total market share and Samsung has an 11% market share of the total. Other companies capture the rest of the market (Source Ferrell & Hartline, 2012).Apple operates in a highly competitive market. Several companies have come up with products which are similar to Apples products. The rivals of the company follow a pricing strategy that enables them to offer alternatives to apples product at a relatively low price. There is a high substitution rate in the market as switching cost for the customers is quite low. The competitors also aggressively campaign their prod ucts through social media

Anti-copper Therapy among Pregnant Women Can Lower the Risk of Wilsons Research Paper

Anti-copper Therapy among Pregnant Women Can Lower the Risk of Wilsons Disease in Their Children - Research Paper ExampleTherefore, the physicians encourage the meaning(a) women to use zinc in reducing the amount of copper in their neurological system in a mild way that would not coin the unborn child. Trientine can also be highly effective in treating copper toxicity, while protecting the expectant mothers and her unborn childs sprightliness (Walshe, 129).Some of the measures which health experts would take are a screening test falsification ring assessment and ceruloplasmin serum copper assays. The test relies on a liver biopsy using quantitative copper assays. Immediately a pregnant woman is diagnosed with such symptoms the siblings might be genotyped via making comparison.Medical practitioners advocate for fit use of anti copper therapy. Anti copper drugs widely use include Trientine, zinc and tetrathiomolybdate. Penicillamine is often administered to pregnant women. Despite it s toxicity, it is proven to be the best. Trientine is alternatively used to people who not tolerate Penicillamine and the body responds better notably there is lower quantity of urine copper, which gently reduces to unimportant levels (Schilsky and Scott, 214).In reality, compliance with the recommended therapy and close monitoring of the copper status are the most beneficial practices that patients should observe during treatment. Similarly, the most effectively monitoring tool is used non-ceruloplasmin plasma copper though it also has some side effects their frequency and impact are minimal.In addition, the neurological worsening especially in the patients using Trientine for the first time is less severe as in Penicillamine. Zinc, it is extremely vital for the maintenance of the therapy. It reduces mettallothionein in the cells. When using copper, urinary secretion of painful copper is similar to the normal body loading system (Schilsky and Scott, 220).Tetrathiomolybdate, is al so used to eliminate copper out of the body, it forms a complex tripartite of

Explain and Evaluate Two Approaches to Explaining Moral Development Essay Example for Free

Explain and Evaluate Two Approaches to Explaining Moral Development EssayMoral larnment is what we consider to be right, wrong, good or bad. It is developed from infancy through with(predicate) to adulthood and is the principles we use to determine what is right or wrong, fair or unfair. Each individual has their cause understanding of what morality is, however generally this is determined largely by the culture or society we live in and the rules that we conform to within this society.In psychology there are many theories around the beliefs of moral education, and how morality is developed from peasanthood to adulthood. The reason for the different theories is due to the methods, ways of study select by the psychologists to study human behaviour. These theories allow us to compare and break dances us the opportunity to take into consideration all views and ideas and non to settle for just one argument or approach around this subject.(http//www.sid.ir/en/VEWSSID/J_pdf /97420082403.pdf)The aim of this assignment is look at the two different approaches to moral development, firstly the cognitive comment to moral development by Jean Piaget. Then moving on to the mixer learning theory, and Banduras contri barelyion to how morality develops. Criticisms of these theories will be discussed and evaluations frame on the two studies will be made.Piaget was the first psychologist to study cognitive development in children. His work dates back to 1932 and his findings stated that morality develops through childhood and adolescence. He believed that children pass through different levels of morality according to their cognitive development. Piaget conducted a number of experiments and from these tests concluded that children up to the age of three or quatern could non institute moral judgements as they were not able to understand rules at this age. He stated, if the children were unable to understand the rules and that they were breaking then they were unable to make moral judgements. He believed that once children could understand the rules, and that they were breaking them then this was the age that moral development began. From his research, this started at the age of about eight years old. woodwind B, (2004 pg.72)Piaget believed that moral development in children of this age takes place in two stages. Stage one- heterononmous morality traced as morality imposed from outside. This is when children see the rules as been made by parents, teachers or God and that they are unchangeable. Morality at this stage is based on moral punishment, you do something wrong and you will be punished. This stage is described by Piaget as the pre-operational stage of development where the child is only able to make his judgement based on the consequence of the action.The south stage- Autonomous morality described as morality which is based on the childs own rules is apparent when the child is able to decentre and distinguish the drift behind t he action along with the consequence of the action. It is the stage at which children are able to understand that rules are flexible to change and according to the situation. Woods B, (2004 pg.72)From Piagets experiments he was able to conclude that morality is based on the amount of cognitive development, how intelligent one is. The strengths of Piagets theory are that whilst conducting his experiments he did focus on children alone as learners. He contributed hugely to our understanding of education and believed that this was the key to saving our society.Piagets moral theory was described by his experiment with children that elusive rules whilst playing a game of marbles. Children under the age of five showed they had no rules, children aged between ages 5-10 saw the rules as fixed and children 10 and above realize the rules and withal adopted them by mutual consent.Moral dilemmas were also presented to children by Piaget to develop his theory further. He gave children a pair of stories where there first child deliberately caused a small amount of damage due to his actions. The second child caused much more than damage but his actions were a result of an accident. Piaget asked the children to describe which character deserved to be punished in his attempt to understand childrens reasoning in their answers. His conclusion from his experiment was that younger children focused more on consequences, whilst the older ones took into consideration intent.From Piagets theory we pull in a greater understanding on the influence of mental processes on behaviour, we have greater understanding on perception and thinking. Along with the above, Piagets theory has had practical benefits such learning skills to improve memory and improving problem solving skills.Dwyer D Charles C (2006 pg318)Both of the above experiments have been criticised. Other theorists have claimed that games of marbles do not represent a childs entire perception of morality. Piagets use of mora l dilemmas has also been criticised. It has been claimed that younger children only focused on consequences because the story was narrated, however the results may not have been the same if the stories were watched on video. Younger children may have been mitigate able to consider intentions if they were. Other theorists conducting similar research found that, although younger children had some conception of intent, they still preferred to judge in terms of consequences because they found this easier. Piagets theory has also been criticised to be culture specific. It has been said that it is based on moral universals. It has been claimed that the moral development of children in non western cultures may differ from that of the children Piaget investigated. (http//everything2.com/ deed/Piaget%2527s+theory+of+moral+development)Critics of Piagets theory have also stated that his research was not very scientific, that his findings were bended as he worked alone. Researchers conducting scientific experiments lease to have two or more observers Piaget observed and noted his findings alone. He was criticised for making generalisations with his findings by being culture specific and not taking into floor background, tradition and upbringing of each child. An example of this is using clinical interviews to study the thinking of children. His sample size was criticised for being too small and did not give much consideration to social understanding. Due to all the criticisms above regarding Piagets work we can respect his theory as weak hence leading to errors in his conclusions.Haralambos M Rice D. (pg 522).Social learning theory approach to moral development is based on the idea that moral development happens as a result of observing and imitation. Albert Bandura 1977 studied this concept and came up with findings that concluded that children learn through recognition, reward and punishment. Social learning theorist, focus particularly on empirical learning, imi tation, recognition and reward.Woods B, (2004 pg. 126)Bandura conducted a number of experiments observing childrens behaviour towards an inflatable doll also called a Bobo doll. The children were separated into groups and the first watched an adult behaving crisply towards this blown up inflatable doll. This was the battleful model conditioning. The second group of children, the adult played with the other toys and was the non aggressive model condition. Along with a swear group, which included children from the group who had witnessed an adult being savage and aggressive towards the Bobo doll.This group was then left in a room with a number of toys but not allowed to play with them in an attempt to build up the childrens frustration. The children were later left in a room and results were noted. The children who witnessed the adult being aggressive towards the Bobo doll imitated this behaviour and those from the non aggressive model displayed lower levels of aggression and viol ence, hence showing that children learn through imitation. (http//psychology.about.com/od/classicpsychologystudies/a/bobo-doll-experiment.htm)Bandura also believed that children learn from their social environment, this he believed provides models of behaviour and expectations of appropriate behaviour. He believed that children learn through observation, imitation and reinforcement which are all closely linked.Woods B, (2004 pg. 126)Along with Piagets theory, Banduras theory also has its criticisms. Banduras social learning theory takes into consideration cognitive learning but concentrates more upon the idea that morality is developed through positive reinforcement, imitation and the social environment. Woods B, (2004 pg. 71)When evaluating Banduras, experiment in attempt to understanding moral development, it is important to point out that the experiments were conducted in a research laboratory and hence the results may not be true in the real world. Critics have also pointed out that there may be selection bias as the children in the experiment were all from the same socio economic background, making the results invalid and not true to society.The long term effect of this experiment is not known as the results were noted immediately, and the reality is very different to an experiment. Even though the children displayed violent behaviour towards the doll this does not prove that they would be violent towards another person. The children could also have demonstrated this behaviour to please the adult, again making the findings of this experiment inaccurate. (http//psychology.about.com/od/classicpsychologystudies/a/bobo-doll-experiment.htm)The aim of this essay was to explain and evaluate Piaget and Banduras theory. Both the theorists have contributed to understanding of moral development in todays society and both equally face criticisms to their work. The main aspects that have been pointed out and open to attack are that both Bandura and Piaget have given l ittle consideration to feelings, culture and religious beliefs.There sample was small not allowing general conclusions and findings to be widely acceptable. There experiments have been attacked for not being scientific. They failed to recognise that moral development has different content and meaning in different cultures and moral judgement is hugely influenced by societys common law and traditions. Parents role and child nourishment are vital in how children and adolescents develop morally. Both Piaget and Bandura failed to take these important points into consideration when conducting their research.Piaget has studied cognitive development and his contributions are invaluable in the development of today education and the human development theory. Bandura looked more at social learning model one is amongst one of the most influential psychologists of our time. (http//www.sid.ir/en/VEWSSID/J_pdf/97420082403.pdf)

Physico-Chemical Qualities Essay Example for Free

Physico-Chemical Qualities Essaya) Describe the physico-chemical qualities of body of wet that argon important to aquaculturists. Aquaculture gage be specify as the naughty-density production of seek, shell slant and plant forms in a controlled environment. Stocking rates for high-density aquaculture are typic anyy thousand fold greater than wild environments. Modern fish culturists employ both open and close systems to raise fish. Open systems, such as, the raceways are characterized by rapid turnover of water. Closed systems are commonplace in pond culture. Closed aquaculture systems do not have rapid turnover of water, but do not have a high surface to intensity ratio facilitating substitute of gases, nutrients, energy etc. with the borders. Water quality for aquaculturists refers to the quality of water that enables successful propagation of the desired organisms. Physico-chemical parameters of water include1. AlkalinityAlkalinity relates to the capacity of the wat er to accept protons and is a broadsheet of the waters buffering capacity. There are no direct effect of alkalinity on fish and shellfish, however, it is an important parameter due to its indirect effects, including the protection of aquatic organisms from major qualifyings in pH. In gloomy alkalinity waters, where carbonic acid gas and dissolved carbonates are at low concentrations, photosynthesis may be inhibited, therefore restricting phytoplankton growth. Levels above 175 mg CaCO3/L reduces natural food production in ponds which, in turn, leads to a decrease in optimal production. saltiness water is slightly alkaline and has a strong buffering capacity so alkalinity is not commonly of concern for most seawater and brackish water aquaculturists.2. biochemical oxygen demand ( and COD)It is a measure of the amount of oxygen required by bacteria, algae, sediments and chemicals over a set period of time. shape is of importance in aquaculture because microbial degradation o f organic matter is a major sink for dissolved oxygen, a highly important parameter for aquaculture. Aquaculture effects should not lend oneself waters which are polluted with chemicals and/or excessive nutrients. Increasing levels of BOD indicate organic pollution which is a cause of concern for aquaculturists. The amount of BOD needed for a bad-tempered system send packing be estimated by taking intoaccount factors such as dissolved. Oxygen requirements of the culture species, the degree of pond aeration, seasonal temperature fluctuations, expected photosynthetic application, and oxygen solubility.3. Carbon dioxideTheir presence is important for the buffering capacity of the water. The level of carbon dioxide in the water is related to photosynthetic activity of aquatic plants and respiration of these plants and aquatic animals, as salubrious as bio-oxidation of organic compounds. Dissolved carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid, causing a drop in pH. At equilibrium, freshwater c ontains about 2.0 mg/L CO2 and seldom rises above 20 to 30 mg/L. High concentrations of carbon dioxide have a hypnogogic effect on fish and regular higher concentrations may cause death however, such concentrations seldom supervene in nature. The direct adverse effects can occur when there is an excess of free CO2, especially in waters low in dissolved oxygen. This latter situation can occur when too much free CO2 is utilized for photosynthesis of phytoplankton, or when water is vigorously aerated with CO2 free air. Free CO2 concentrations below 1 mg/L affect the acid-base balance in fish blood and tissues and cause alkalosis. Most aquaculture species will survive in waters containing up to 60 mg/L carbon dioxide provided that dissolved oxygen concentrations are high.4. Color and appearance of waterThese are not highly objective measurements but umpteen fish farmers and crustacean farmers attach a lot of significance to these two properties of pond water. Color is a result of th e interaction of incident light and impurities in the water .There are three common causes of water coloration and variations in water appearance * suspension of silt and clay particles* significant growth of plankton, specially microalgae * suspension of humic acids and other organic acidsThe color of the water, actually refers to turbidness due to significant silt and clay particle accumulation, or growth of phytoplankton and zooplankton. This graphic symbol of water coloration may be beneficial in tank andcage culture as it shades fish and prevents sunburn as well(p) as reducing plant biofouling. It is reported that impending oxygen shortages in the water can often be detected by changes in colour. Although high colour may shade fish and impede algal growth, it is usually due to tannins. These are phenols which bind with protein and at high levels may affect fish respiration, particularly with sensitive fish species.5. Dissolved oxygenDissolved oxygen is the most critical wat er quality variable in aquaculture. Anoxia occurs when dissolved oxygen levels in the environment decrease to the point where aquatic life can no longer be supported. Some species are more resistant to low levels of oxygen than others. It was noted that the amount of oxygen required by aquatic animals is quite variable and depends on species, size, activity (levels make up with activity), water temperature (doubles with every increase of 10C), condition (lean fish consume less than fat fish), DO concentration, etc. The DO concentration can fluctuate in response to photosynthesis of aquatic plants and respiration of aquatic organisms. The amount of DO required also depends on partial pressure of dissolved oxygen in the water and its ability to exchange across gill membranes. DO level in water should be above 5mg/L In ponds, tanks and other enclosed culture systems, mechanical aeration can be apply to lift dissolved oxygen levels, while water movement from currents and tides assist s in open culture systems. Pure oxygen (oxygenation) may be used to supplement dissolved oxygen levels, particularly in intensive culture systems. The most common cause of low DO in an aquaculture operation is a high concentration of biodegradable organic matter in the water, resulting in a high BOD. This problem is further exacerbated at high temperatures.6. bobble super vividness (total gas pressure)Super saturation of dissolved gas occurs when the pressure of the dissolved gas (total gas pressure TGP) exceeds the atmospheric pressure. TGP refers to the sum of the partial pressures of dissolved gases in the water (i.e. oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide). Oxygen supersaturation Nitrogen supersaturation Carbon dioxidesupersaturation Definition Total gas pressure is not above saturation level. Total gas pressure is above saturation level Condition of higher levels of dissolved gases in water due to entrainment, pressure increases, or heating. tool Oxygen displaces nitrogen in li quid diffusion Reason why Pure oxygen is used to oxygenate -Situation develops when water and air is mixed to a lower place pressure.-Situation develops when water is heated When there is high phytoplankton activity though respiration at night. Results up to 200300% can be tolerated if oxygen is used directly or duringphotosynthesis (when air is used, nitrogen becomes the main component and problems can occur). It can cause massive distension of the swim bladder of salmonids, although the mortality is usually low. gas bubble trauma which may cause acute or chronic problems,especially in eggs, larvae and juveniles. levels above 20 ppm can lead to judge. mortalitymay not occur, even at levels of 30-40 ppm, High carbon dioxide levels in fish transport systems (where ventilation is absent) can inhibitoxygen uptake.7. HardnessTotal hardness primarily measures the concentration of all metal cations (usually dominated by calcium and magnesium in freshwater) in the water. Soft water is usually acidic while hard water is generally alkaline. In soft waters, carbonate and bicarbonate salts are in short supply. Hard water has been found to reduce the toxicity of several heavy metals (calcium and magnesium) as well as ammonia and the hydrogen ion. Some aquacultural species have a specific requirement for calcium, for bone formation in fish and exoskeleton formation in crustaceans. Calcium is also necessary for proper osmoregulation, and the calcium ion generally reduces the toxicity of hydrogen ions, ammonia and metal ions. High calcium levels in freshwater can inhibit phytoplankton growth however, blue-green algae are known to thrive in harder water (high Ca2+) which can put to work productivity of the pond water. Meade (1989) recommended a mountain chain among 10 and 400 mg/L for aquaculture.8. pHThe term pH refers to the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in water moregenerally, pH refers to how acidic or basic water is. In aquaculture, low pH is often a consequen ce of sulfuric acid formation by the oxidation of sulphide-containing sediments. pure tone that acidification of highly alkaline water can increase the free carbon dioxide concentration, resulting in CO2 toxicity rather than pH imbalance. In addition, acid water tends to dissolve metals more readily. High pH in aquaculture is commonly a result of excess photosynthesis in waters with high alkalinity and low calcium hardness. pH can indirectly affect aquaculture species through its effect on other chemical parameters. Low pH* reduces the amount of dissolved inorganic phosphorus and CO2 available for phytoplankton photosynthesis. * results in the solubilisation of potentially toxic metals from the sediments Hugh pH makes the toxic form of ammonia more prevalent.Meade (1989) recommended that pH be maintained at between 6.5 and 8.0 for all aquaculture species.In freshwater, pH can change quickly due to the amount of carbon dioxide added or removed during plant growth. In culture systems , particularly recirculation systems, the pH may be reduced (more acidic) by the production of metabolites. Buffering is, therefore, important in such systems. Seawater, in general, resists changes in the pH values.NOTE pH can change by the hour as a function of photosynthesis which removes carbon dioxide. This is particularly the case in pond-based culture systems.9. Salinity (total dissolved solids)Salinity is the main measure used in aquaculture, as it influences the water and salt balance (osmoregulation) of aquatic animals. Estuarine waters may range from 0.5 to more than 30 ppt often depending on the depth of the sample marine waters range between 30.0 to 40.0 ppt. Salinity directly affects the levels of dissolved oxygen the higher the salinity, the lower the dissolved oxygen levels at given water temperature. Like temperature, salinity is an important limiting factor in the distribution of many aquatic animals. Salinity requirements can vary for particular species depending o ntheir life cycle stage. Salinity also affects the temperature requirements of some species. Freshwater organisms have body fluids more concentrated in ions than the surrounding water, meaning that they are hypersaline or hypertonic to the environment. These animals tend to accumulate water which they must excrete while retaining ions. Saltwater species have body fluids more dilute in ions than the surrounding water they are hyposaline or hypotonic to their environment. They must excrete ions and uptake water continually. Salinity tolerance varies significantly between species and some species have wider tolerances than others. 10. hang up solids and turbidityThere are three basic types of suspended solidsphytoplankton, zooplankton and bacterial bloomssuspended organic and humic acidssuspension of silt and clay particlesAll influence the level of turbidity (turbidity increases with suspended solids) and scatter light, restricting penetration into water. In aquaculture ponds, less l ight penetrating to the bottom inhibits growth of troublesome filamentous algae and aquatic weeds. This turbidity is often measured in centimetres using a secchi disc. Typically, if the secchi disk reading is below 10 cm water turbidity is excessive. If turbidity is due to the presence of phytoplankton, there is likely to be a problem with dissolved oxygen concentrations when the light level decreases below the photosynthetic compensation level. Conversely, if turbidity is due to silt/clay or organic matter, planktonic productivity will be low.Suspended solids can cause gill irritations and tissue damage, which increases the stress levels of aquatic animals. Turbid waters can also shield food organisms and clog filters. The practice of mechanical aeration tends to create water currents which maintain soil particles in suspension and perpetuates the turbidity of the pond. Problems of off-flavors in fish and crayfish are less common in turbid ponds. (except where algae cause the turbi dity). The effect of this criteria varies considerably between species. Meade (1989) recommended a level below 80 mg/L for aquaculture species. Marine species (e.g. snapper) are generally less tolerant, so therecommended guideline is

Commentary on Jonathan Swifts Essay A Modest Proposal Essay Example for Free

Commentary on Jonathan prompts Essay A Modest Proposal EssayJonathan Swift cleverly illustrates a very humble closure to the crisis in Ireland in his personal essay, A Modest Proposal. His vox urges annoyance and frustration, evoking a tone of sarcasm. Through the use of cynical language, he creates an intense and enlightening response. He uses language to create imagery which he intends to elicit a response of shock and moral responsibility. His intention is to mock Ireland and the economic crisis they have got themselves in.Swift appropriately chooses hygienic imagery and describes a melancholy object that comes from walking through Irish streets and seeing beggars of the female sex and three, four, or six children, every in rags. Swift wants this image to convey the severe challenges that Ireland is facing. These women are panhandling for food, instead of working for their honest livelihood, and that influences their children to do the same or leave for the Pretender in Spain.The deplorable state of Ireland is causing grave situations for the impoverished. The English Protestants have been mistreating the Irish, and England has consumed Ireland. Because of England, Ireland faces a lack of power, and Swift uses this verisimilitude in order to take advantage of his satire and to sacrifice the devouring of poverty-stricken infants of Irish born mothers. The circumstances in Ireland at that time, the key parallel between both situations are their shared consequence a country destined to collapse.Swifts arguments against their current schemes of Ireland are well constructed and convincing. The children or the mothers will no longer beg for charity on the streets. A child will make two dishes, and will be offered in sale to people. This will bring quality and fortune, through the nation. He has maturely weighed the some(prenominal) schemes of other projectors. He believes that these schemes are much miscalculated in their computation. If the previ ous schemes had worked then there would be no poverty or voluntary abortions.He uses strong diction to let one know that he is not proud of his country or the people. His proposal makes complete logical sense. He has everything figured out. sealed terms he uses when he compares the Irish children to farm animals, and that they should be consumed. Diction such as stock, pigs, cattle, fatten them up, all imply to Swifts semblance to people and livestock. This implies that the Irish just stand around and bend down to an authority of a higher power, and also that the English treat the Irish as worthless workers.The Irish are valuable in financial means to their owners and so are livestock. The Irish just marry and bear children, and wait for riches to come. This is just what the English want, they want the Irish to be weaker and not take a stand. Therefore, Swift quite subtly proposes that instead of these children be a incumbrance on the already poor parents, the children should contribute themselves to the nation in a form of food or clothing. Swift uses imagery to set the tone of voice and to consistently keep it going throughout the essay.He conjures up images to create an illusion that the solution to the economic crisis in Ireland is quite effortless to solve. Swift is expecting the Irish people to understand that they are responsible of the crisis and they have no patriotism towards their own country. This imagery is created because of language, he expects the people of the nation to do something virtually the distresses being faced. Swift consistently repeats women and children begging, he wants to clarify that hes not only writing an essay about the economy but also about moral responsibility of the nation.He explains about the voluntary abortions these women murder their children because they cant afford to provide for their children. He constantly explains the present distresses, expressing his frustration and take down towards the country. Swif t is generous with his disdain and his ironic representations are not only meant to criticize the society of Ireland, but also to motivate the Irish to take work in rectifying the damage that Ireland has tolerated. Swift has no other motive but to only hope for the public good and public consideration.

The Organisational Culture At Enron Corporation Commerce Essay

The Organisational Culture At Enron Corporation Commerce EssayThis paper analyses the Enron presidency finish and the key issues that eventually led to the Enron Corporate licking and why it is so vital that top level management is the main proponent of this culture shaping lower level employees behaviour of moral reasoning. Moreover, as there is a need to understand how the different types of cultures may effortlessly admirer furrow to perform, this essay will identify the type of Enrons bodily culture th unsmooth applying the assessment instruments demonstrable by Cameron and Quinn (1998).In todays care environment the culture has huge impact on organizations performance. It is widely recognized by the managers, that the borrowing of organisational culture as an effective control tool, gives the opportunity to affect on what quite a little think, believe and value (Ray, 1986).It is commonly known that different organisations have veritable(prenominal) cultures. The cultu re of a group can be defined as A pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems of extraneous adaptation and internal integration, that has worked well enough to be considered valid and therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in apprisal to those problems ( Schein, 1993 pp373-374). Organisations develop their own culture through history and structure that gives a sense of identity. Therefore, every culture beares its own traditions, knowledge, art, moral issues, law, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by individual as a member of society (Tylor, 1970).It ascertains, through the beliefs, values and norms the way how things are done around here (Mullins, 2002 p802). Organization theory scholars tag that organizational cultures associate to the concept of an organization. However, Huczynski Buchanan (2001 p627) argue that the facade symptom of culture are its most visible and most accessible forms, which are the visible and loud behaviour patterns and objects. In the racing shell of Enron, the analysis for the friendships lowfall moved well beyond financial and economic debate as the corporate culture was shown to be a main reason and contributing issue (Rapoport Dharan, 2004). The society got a shockwave when it came to that Enron was seen to be an example of corporate citizenship and ethics previous to its fall down (Sims Brinkmann, 2003) musical composition in reality the conjunction was cheering a culture for back-biting management possessed with exhibiting short-term profits and inflating the companys stock value. Sims and Brinkmann (2003) point out that this difference between the culture shown to the public and investors and the values being enacted within the organisation is an example of the conflict that can be found between levels of culture within an organisation as suggested by Schein (1985). Conducting the further analysis of the En rons downfall it is vital to identify the organizational culture that the company could be identified with. Hence, in accordance to Cameron and Quinn (1998) and their developed marking criteria, there are four types of organisational cultures identified which include collaborate (clan), create (adhocracy), control (hierarchy) and compete (market) cultures. After close research and analyse of the types of organisational cultures and relating the criteria to the faux pas study it shows that Enron applied a compete culture, which to some extent, brought the company to downfall.Compete (market) organizations are focused on relationships- in particular, transactions-with suppliers, customers, contractors, legislators, consultants, regulators, etc. Through efficient external dealings they feel that they can best achieve success. Compete (market) organizations are concerned about competitiveness and efficiency through accent on partnerships and emplacement (Cameron and Quinn, 1998). Enro n executives spent more time distressing about reputation and getting ahead than trading with the everyday business processes needed to prolong the company.The top managers believed Enron had to be the best at everything it did. When there existed failures and losses in their business performance, what they did was covering up their losses in order to protect their reputations instead of trying to do something to make it correct. In the case of Enron, the mutual goal of winning that is frequently anxious in compete culture organizations, did not translate past rough business deals and unethical business practices.In Enrons case, its corporate culture played an important role of its collapse. It was culture of greed and moneymaking In Enron, greed was obedient and money was God. There was a little regard for ethics or the law. Such attitudes infused the whole company from the top down to individual workers. Organisational culture back up unethical practises- corruption, cheating, and fake practices were widespread. Many executives and managers knew that the company was following some ill-gotten and unethical practices, but the executives and the board of directors did not know how to make the ethical decisions and corporate ethical culture. Creative accounting and misleading profit reports were a matter of everyday procedure. Denial and reputation management enabled them carry on their unethical and lots illegal activities. In addition, if the company makes huge profits in unethical way then individual who joins the organisation would also have to practice unethical things to survive in the company. The management was blinded by greed and ambition, their decisions became seriously flawed. Thus company fell back and managers had to pay in the form of fines and imprisonment. Thus, cut to organisational culture and mismanagement in huge proportions and, mainly, greed is among the key factors that brought the Enron the most innovative company to downfall. Enr on was looking into the ways of getting bigger, greater and more liberalist than the other companies at that time. And it seemed to be really well on the way to that target. However, the analysis of Enrons organisational structure reveals that top managers of any organisation at all clock must be responsible of everything that happens in their company. Hence, the Enrons top manager (Kenneth Lay) did not have his objectives, right interest and mission in the organisation. But the success of the business depends on the executives abilities to leadership, influence on others and how the real interests and goals are followed by. K. Lays position as a chairman was just a title for the company and as leaven of that is the action of passing along the responsibilities to the Jeff Skilling. That could be seen as the countdown of the organisational structure breakdown which is related as the key issue to all the businesses.A wise decision-making abilities and acquisition of organisational objectives truly correlates with the companys organisational structure. In Enron case, people responsible for making such wise and important decisions were obviously those from the top of the management however they did not really possess any of the productive objectives in their minds. The final decision-making was left for the chief financial and chief operating officers whose efficiency, in the other hand, excluded any sense of any variety show of the responsibility for the consequences could occurred. The basic interest, as it seems from the case study analysis, was the financial profit- money.Thus, decision-making was easily blinded with the quantity of the business deals made and money seen, without any of the consideration of the time to come problems of the organisation, such behaviour could cause. According to Reh (2002), It is the leaders job to provide the vision for the group. A good executive must have a dream and the ability to get the company to support that dream. But it is not enough to merely have the dream. The leader must also provide the framework by which the people in that organization can help achieve the dream. This is called company culture (p.1). Generally, corporate culture refers to the prevailing implicit values, attitudes and ways of doing things in a company. It frequently reflects the personality, philosophy and the ethnic-cultural background of the founder or the leader. Corporate culture dictates how the company is run and how people are promoted (Wong, 2005, p.185).The leadership of the Enron could not cope with providing the guidance to help the business to survive. Hence, that is the clear evidence that Jeff Skilling proclaimed the Enrons corporate culture- the culture of greed, corruption and deception. He wanted profits at all cost, in addition the hiring practices became haunt with finding aggressive, greedy, unethical employees who could deliver on the organisations demand for short term profits. There is a direct connection between the way a business and its people conduct themselves and the leadership within it. There was no respect or responsible decision-making in the Enron. The management of the organization was totally broken down by the companys executives, who displaced their responsibilities to unprofessional staff and there was no rigorous standart of the performance for their business. The senior management failed to maintain a relationship of openness and trust with employees. ply members who questioned the wisdom of some of Enrons decisions and practices were either ignored or silenced. Senior management cared more about self-enrichment than the needs of employees. They showed little regard for meaning and ethics beyond the bottom line (Wong, 2005, p.185).And when the top managers turned a blind eye on the legal aspects when performing financial operations, the clear message of the tolerance of the illegal practices was sent.After analysing the case study I suggest that the most important lesson is that corporate culture matters it can either bring prosperity or misadventure to the organization. A company needs to promote an organisational culture with moral way of thinking as Peters Waterman (1982 p75) points out that without exception, the dominance and coherence of culture proved to be an essential quality of the excellent companies. This culture should be top level management as they are key figures, which employees will follow. If executives of a company consider the short term bottom line to be the most important factor to success then lower level employees will currently get the message and acquire the game rules. This environment is exposed to the actions such as intentionally breaking the rules, if results cannot be achieved within the legal framework.From studying the Enron case it is seen that collapse was brought on by a lack of respect, lack of concern of management and real goals. To point out that the enormous amount of losses of the co mpany destroyed the lives of the Enrons employees and the investors who trusted and heavily invested in the business. After all taking on to account that organisational culture is able to bring an enormous difference and engineer the organisation to success and prolong reasonable rewards (Hoecklin, 1995) by possessing effective management (Miroshnik, 2002), the Enrons example demonstrates that when there is unhealthy corporate culture in the company which lacks the veritable leadership, true interests, true goals, wise decision-making and the main issue is greed for money, then such a business is exposed to become the bankrupt.